作为世界戏剧的莎士比亚剧作  

Shakespearean Plays as World Theatre

作　　者：王宁[1] Wang Ning(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学

出　　处：《中世纪与文艺复兴研究》2022年第2期3-20,共18页Medieval and Renaissance Studies

摘　　要：讨论世界文学应该考虑文学本身所包含的不同文类,其中戏剧较之其他文类更接近艺术,因而更容易得到跨越语言和国别界限的世界性传播。因此,世界戏剧确实是一个审美和艺术现实:首先,世界戏剧是民族/国别戏剧中最优秀的经典剧作之总汇;其次,世界戏剧必须是那些在跨文化改编和创造性生产及演出中有所获的剧作;再者,世界戏剧必定是那些超越时空局限,为全世界所有人演出、欣赏并加以批评性讨论的剧作。我们可以据此得出这样的结论:古希腊悲剧和喜剧、莎士比亚的剧作、易卜生的剧作、奥尼尔的剧作以及其他经典剧作家的剧作都应当被视为世界戏剧,因为它们受到自己国家以外的广大观众的观赏、改编、讨论和研究。莎士比亚及其剧作之所以成为世界戏剧,有三个因素:其一,他本人的天才和艺术原创性使然;其二,莎士比亚的目标读者和观众不仅是国内的,还包括世界各国的;其三,各国译者和导演的翻译和改编也促使莎士比亚的剧作得以成为世界戏剧。上述所有这些对我们当前实施的中国文化“走出去”战略有着重要的启示。To discuss the issue of world literature,it is necessary to take into account different genres of literature itself,among which drama is closer to art than other genres and thus more easily disseminated worldwide across linguistic and national boundaries.Therefore,world theatre is indeed an aesthetic and artistic reality:first,world theatre is the best canonical works of national theatre;second,world theatre must be plays that have been adapted and creatively produced and performed in another or other languages and cultural environments;third,world theatre must be a theatre that transcends time and space to be performed,enjoyed and critically discussed by people of different countries or regions.We can conclude from this that Greek tragedy and comedy,plays by Shakespeare,Ibsen,O'Neill,or plays by other canonical playwrights should all be considered world theatre,because they are appreciated,adapted,critically discussed or studied by a large audience outside their own countries.Shakespeare and his plays became world theater for three reasons:first,because of his own genius and artistic originality;and second,because Shakespeare's target readers and audiences are not only domestic,but also around the world;third,the translations and adaptations of Shakespeare's plays by translators and directors from different countries or regions have helped make them world theatre.All the above have important implications for our current implementation of Chinese culture going global.

关 键 词：世界文学 世界戏剧 莎士比亚 中国人文学术 国际化 

分 类 号：I561.073[文学—其他各国文学]