不同类型复合添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质、有氧稳定性和细菌区系的影响  

The effects of various combination additives on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and bacterial profile of whole-plant corn silage

作　　者：王月红 张亚伟[1,2] 吴浩 孟庆翔[1] WANG Yuehong;ZHANG Yawei;WU Hao;MENG Qingxiang(Beef Cattle Research Center,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi Province 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学肉牛研究中心,北京100193 [2]山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第13期142-151,共10页China Feed

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项-玉米青贮加工及其在肉牛饲养中的优化利用(13162130106232057);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2020BQ68);优秀博士来晋奖励项目(SXBYKY2021014)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在评价不同类型的复合添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质、有氧稳定性和细菌区系结构的影响,以探究复合添加剂改善青贮饲料品质的机制。在干物质含量为30.8%时将整株玉米收获并切碎,在鲜样基础上分别进行以下四种处理:(1)对照组(CON组):不进行任何处理;(2)复合乳酸菌剂接种组(CLB组):调制青贮时添加0.002 g/kg由布氏乳酸菌、植物乳杆菌和粪肠球菌组合而成的复合乳酸菌剂;(3)复合有机酸盐处理组(MS组):添加0.1 g/kg以苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾为主要活性成分的复合有机酸盐;(4)菌酸复配组(CLBMS组):同时进行(2)和(3)处理。每个处理3个生物学重复,抽真空并密封后室温贮藏42 d,开窖后分析玉米青贮的常规养分、发酵参数、有氧稳定性和细菌区系结构。结果表明:CON组玉米青贮的pH显著高于3个处理组(P<0.05),同时CON组和CLB组的乳酸浓度和乳酸/乙酸比显著高于MS和CLBMS处理组(P<0.05),表明CLB和MS处理均能增加玉米青贮pH的下降速度和程度,且MS能够使青贮发酵模式向乙酸型发酵转变;CLBMS处理组玉米青贮的有氧稳定为66.2 h,较CLB组的50.2 h提高了31.9%(P<0.05),而二者与CON组(60.2 h)和MS处理组(65.3 h)之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。细菌区系结构分析显示,与CON组相比,CLB组乳酸片球菌的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05,LDA score>2),而MS组的魏斯氏菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05,LDA score>2),这些变化可能与玉米青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的改变密切相关。综上表明,与复合乳酸菌剂相比,复合有机酸盐对全株玉米青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的改善效果更佳,且二者具有一定的协同增效作用,但作用机制需要进一步研究。This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various combination additives on fermentation quality,aerobic stability,and bacterial profile of whole-plant corn silage,aimed to investigate how combination additives improve silage quality.Whole-plant corn silage was prepared by adding the following combination additives at ensiling:no additives as control(CON),0.002 g/kg complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants containing Lactobacillus plantarum,Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus buchneri(CLB),0.1 g/kg mixed organic acid salts containing potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate(MS),and both CLB and MS together(CLBMS).Three silo bags for each treatment,and were conserved at room temperature for 42 days after vacuuming.Chemical composition,fermentation parameters,aerobic stability,and bacterial profile of silage were determined.Results showed that the pH of the silage in the CON group was higher than that in the three treatment groups(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the lactate concentration and lactate-to-acetate ratio of corn silages in the CON and CLB groups were higher(P<0.05)than that of MS and CLBMS groups(P<0.05).These results suggested that both combination additives have the ability to enhance the production efficiency of lactate and acetate,and MS could change the fermentation pattern to more acetate production.The aerobic stability of the corn silage in CLBMS group was 66.2 h,which was 31.9%higher than that in CLB group(50.2 h)(P<0.05).LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Pediococcus was higher in corn silage from the CLB group than that in the CON group(P<0.05 and LDA score>2),and the relative abundance of Weissella and Sphingomonas were higher(P<0.05 and LDA score>2)in corn silage from the MS group.Based on our results,the mixed organic salt treatment at ensiling was better for the improvements of fermentation quality and aerobic stability of corn silage than inoculation of the complex lactic acid bacteria inoculants.In addition,there was a synergism between these two types of additives,and thei

关 键 词：全株玉米青贮 复合乳酸菌剂 山梨酸钾 苯甲酸钠 细菌区系结构 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]