熔铸法制备纳米碳增强铝基复合材料研究进展  

Review of Casting in Nanocarbon Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

作　　者：贾振东 陈彪 李金山[1,2] 张平祥 JIA Zhendong;CHEN Biao;LI Jinshan;ZHANG Pingxiang(State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China;Innovation Center NPU Chongqing,Chongqing 401135,China;Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research,Xi'an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室,陕西西安710072 [2]西北工业大学重庆科创中心,重庆401135 [3]西北有色金属研究院,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《铸造技术》2023年第6期499-513,共15页Foundry Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52071269,51901183);重庆市杰出青年基金(cstc2021jcyj-jq0115)。

摘　　要：纳米碳增强体具备优异的力学、热学、电学等性能,是金属基复合材料中理想的增强体之一。将纳米碳增强体与铝基体复合,可以获得具有优异力学性能及导热导电性能良好的复合材料,在新一代飞行器零部件材料展现出巨大潜力。目前急需低成本大规模化制备方法的推广应用,熔铸法是其大规模制备的首选。基于此,本文综述了近年来国内外采用熔铸法制备纳米碳增强铝基复合材料的研究进展,通过纳米碳增强体加入铝熔体方式的不同进行分类,详细介绍了搅拌铸造法、压力铸造法、半固态铸造法、压力浸渗法等纳米碳增强铝基复合材料中主要的铸造方法。分析总结了不同铸造方法的特点及铸件的力学性能,最后指出熔铸法制备纳米碳增强铝基复合材料过程中存在的关键科学问题,并且展望了未来的发展方向。Nanocarbon reinforcements have excellent mechanical,thermal and electrical performances and are one of the best metal matrix composite reinforcements.Composites with outstanding mechanical properties and superior thermal and electrical conductivity can be made by mixing nanocarbon reinforcements with aluminum and its alloy matrix,showing significant potential for a new generation of aircraft component materials.Promoting low-cost and large-scale preparation techniques is urgently needed,and the casting method is the best option for this.Therefore,the casting methods used for nanocarbon reinforced aluminum matrix composites domestically and abroad are reviewed and classified by the way in which the nanocarbon reinforcement is incorporated into the aluminum melt.This paper provides a detailed introduction to the primary casting techniques for nanocarbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composites,including stirring casting,pressure casting,semi-solid casting,and pressure infiltration.The physical and mechanical qualities of various casting techniques are analysed and summarized in this work,which also focuses on the major scientific issues in the preparation of melt-cast nanocarbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composites and predicts the direction of future research.

关 键 词：纳米碳增强铝基复合材料 铸造方法 纳米碳直接加入法 固液混合铸造法 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]