基层护理人员感染性职业暴露预防现状及相关影响因素分析  

Analysis of Prevention Status and Related Influencing Factors of Infectious Occupational Exposure in Primary Nursing Staff

作　　者：李娜 LI Na(Department of Infection Control,Pingyuan County First People's Hospital,Dezhou,Shandong Province,253100 China)

机构地区：[1]平原县第一人民医院感染控制科,山东德州253100

出　　处：《中国卫生产业》2023年第5期181-185,共5页China Health Industry

摘　　要：目的探讨基层护理人员感染性职业暴露预防现状及相关影响因素。方法选择2021年1—12月平原县第一人民医院在岗在职护理人员112名为研究对象,对其资料进行回顾性分析,评估职业暴露发生率及暴露环节,并分析其职业暴露处理合格率,另将护士分为职业暴露组(n=20)与无职业暴露组(n=92),就基层护士职业暴露相关影响因素进行分析。结果该112名护士职业暴露发生率17.86%,包括:处理针头25.00%、处理废物10.00%、回套针头10.00%、器械清洁20.00%、皮肤黏膜暴露20.00%、传递器械15.00%,职业暴露各类处理措施合格率均为100.00%。职业暴露组职业暴露地点位于操作频次高地点率75.00%、操作欠规范率85.00%、暴露风险认知水平低率55.00%、防护意识水平低率55.00%,均高于未职业暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素显示,操作频次高地点、操作欠规范、暴露风险认知水平低、防护意识水平低为职业暴露的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论基层护理人员职业暴露风险发生仍然较高,职业暴露处理情况较好,而职业暴露影响因素常见工作地点操作频次、操作规范性、暴露风险认知水平、防护意识水平,应针对该类因素强化管理。Objective To explore the prevention status of infectious occupational exposure in primary nursing staff and related influencing factors.Methods A total of 112 on-the-job nurses from the Pingyuan County First People's Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected as the research objects,and their data were retrospectively analyzed.The occupational exposure rate and exposure link were assessed,and the qualified rate of occupational exposure treatment was analyzed.In addition,nurses were divided into occupational exposure group(n=20)and non-occupational exposure group(n=92)to analyze the factors related to occupational exposure of primary nurses.Results The incidence rate of occupational exposure of 112 cases of nurses was 17.86%,including:needle handling 25.00%,waste handling 10.00%,needle recycling 10.00%,instrument cleaning 20.00%,skin mucous membrane exposure 20.00%,and transfer equipment 15.00%.The qualified rate of all treatment measures for occupational exposure was 100.00%.In the occupational exposure group,75.00%of the occupational exposure site was located at the site with high frequency of operation,85.00%of the under-standard operation,55.00%of the low awareness level of exposure risk and 55.00%of the low awareness level of protection were higher than those in the non-occupational exposure group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple factors showed that high frequency of operation,non-standard operation,low level of exposure risk cognition and low level of protection awareness were high risk factors for occupational exposure(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of occupational exposure risk of primary nursing staff is still high,and the treatment of occupational exposure is good.The common factors affecting occupational exposure are operation frequency,operation standard,exposure risk cognition level and protection awareness level in the workplace,so the management should be strengthened for these factors.

关 键 词：基层护理人员 感染 职业暴露 自我效能 影响因素 对策 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]