灌云县2015-2021年出血热流行特征及鼠带毒率监测分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hemorrhagic Fever and Monitoring Analysis of Rat Carriage Rate in Guanyun County from 2015 to 2021

作　　者：陈萍 陆荣鑫 赵芹 CHEN Ping;LU Rongxin;ZHAO Qin(Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guanyun,Jiangsu Province,222200 China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省灌云县疾病预防控制中心,江苏灌云222200

出　　处：《中国卫生产业》2023年第5期195-198,共4页China Health Industry

摘　　要：目的掌握灌云县近几年出血热流行特征及鼠密度和鼠带毒情况,为制订出血热防控措施提供科学依据。方法从“传染病信息报告管理系统”收集灌云县2015年1月—2021年12月出血热病例190例,运用描述性流行病学方法分析其人群、时间、地区的“三间分布”。用夹夜法捕鼠,用PCR法检测鼠肺出血热病毒抗原,计算鼠带毒率。结果2015年1月—2021年12月报告190例出血热确诊病例,年均发病率为2.62/10万,病死率达5.26%(10/190)。男性年均发病率为3.63/10万,女性发病率为1.49/10万,男女发病率比2.44∶1,男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.805,P<0.001)。发病最小年龄为11岁,最大年龄为80岁,主要集中于40岁以上中老年人,占全部病例的81.05%(154/190)。职业分布中以农民工最多,占90.00%(171/190)。每月均有病例发生,10月至次年1月报告的病例数占全年病例的78.95%(150/190)。除燕尾港镇外,其他14个镇、街、农盐场均有出血热病例报告。发病数居前5位的依次为南岗镇、杨集镇、龙苴镇、小伊镇和下车镇,占全县病例的67.37%(128/190)。鼠带毒率为1.92%(3/156),较2018年检测结果(3.11%)有所下降。结论灌云县出血热疫情总体呈下降趋势,鼠带毒率也有所下降,出血热疫情防控取得明显成效,但仍要继续坚持环境整治、防鼠灭鼠和重点镇街、重点人群出血热疫苗接种工作,巩固防控成果。Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever and rat carriage rate in Gouyun County in recent years,so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of hemorrhagic fever prevention and control measures.Methods A total of 190 cases of hemorrhagic fever in Guanyun County from January 2015 to December 2021 were collected from the"Infectious disease Information Report Management System".Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the"three-temporal distribution"of population,time and region.Mice were caught at night,and the antigen of pulmonary hemorrhagic fever virus was detected by PCR.Results A total of 190 confirmed cases of hemorrhagic fever were reported from January 2015 to December 2021,with an average annual incidence of 262/100000,the mortality rate was 5.26%(10/190).The average annual incidence was 3.63/100000 in males and 1.49/100000 in females.The ratio of male to female was 2.44∶1,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=31.805,P<0.001).The youngest age of onset was 11 years old,and the oldest age was 80 years old,which mainly concentrated in middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old,accounting for 81.05%(154/190)of all cases.In the occupation distribution,migrant workers were the most,accounting for 90.00%(171/190).Cases occurred every month,and 78.95%(150/190)of the annual cases were reported from October to January.Except Yanwei Port Town,the other 14 towns,street,concentrated salt field had hemorrhagic fever cases reported.Nangang Town,Yangji Town,Long Tho Town,Xiaoyi Town and Xiexi town ranked the top five,accounting for 67.37%(128/190)of the cases in the county.The rate of rodent toxicity was 1.92%(3/156),which was lower than that in 2018(3.11%).Conclusion The overall trend of the hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Guanyun County is decreasing,and the virus carrying rate of mice has also decreased.Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and control of the hemorrhagic fever epidemic.However,it is still necessar

关 键 词：流行性出血热 流行特征 鼠带毒率 监测 

分 类 号：R512.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]