藏族药独一味本草考证  

Textual Research on Tibetan Medicinal Herb Lamiophlomis Herba

作　　者：葛珈铭 索南昂旦 康生福 弓思涵 宋天宝 赵盈 陈位三 李先宽[1] GE Jiaming;SUONAN Angtan;KANG Shengfu;GONG Sihan;SONG Tianbao;ZHAO Ying;CHEN Weisan;LI Xiankuan(Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;Gannan Baicao Biotechnology Development Co.Ltd.,Gannan 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学,天津301617 [2]甘南百草生物科技开发有限公司,甘肃甘南747000

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第14期164-172,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(21ZYCGSN00660)。

摘　　要：独一味是藏族常用药之一,具有的良好的活血止血、祛风止痛的功效,用于治疗跌打损伤,外伤出血,风湿痹痛,黄水病。该文通过查阅历代藏族药典籍、本草,结合现代文献资料对独一味名称、性味、基原、入药部位、采收加工、功效主治的演变进行系统梳理及本草考证。经考证独一味始载于八世纪中叶《月王药诊》,音译为大巴。独一味性味的记载以性平、温,味甘、苦、涩为主,除《青藏高原甘南藏药植物志》,其他典籍中均记载为无毒。历代主流的基原为独一味Lamiophlomis rotata的地上部分入药,此外古代尚有圆叶筋骨草Ajuga ovalifolia,美花圆叶筋骨草A.ovalifolia var.calantha,藏玄参Oreosolen wattii的全草入药的情况。古代采收时间多为农历8—9月霜降前采挖,现代采收时间为秋季花果期采收。由于独一味药材的蕴藏量大幅减少,其入药部位由全草或鲜叶,演变为地上部分为主。功效古今记载以养骨补髓,引黄水,止血止痛为主,但古代尚有治疗虫病,月经淋漓,遗精症,腹泻及滋补身体的功效,该文通过对独一味的本草考证,以期为藏族药资源独一味扩大开发和深入研究提供依据。Lamiophlomis Herba,one of the medicinal herbs commonly used by the Tibetan ethnic minority,has the effect of activating blood,stopping bleeding,dispelling wind,and relieving pain and is frequently used to treat trauma,traumatic bleeding,rheumatic arthralgia,and dampness and dampness-heat.By a review of ancient Tibetan medicine classics,materia medica classics,and modern literature,this paper systematically analyzed the name,nature,taste,original plant,medicinal part,harvest,processing,efficacy,and indications of Lamiophlomis Herba.The textual research showed that Lamiophlomis Herba was first recorded in the Somaratsa(《月王药诊》)in the middle of the eighth century.This medicinal herb was mainly recorded with a plain and warm nature and a sweet,bitter,and astringent taste.The herb was recorded as nontoxic in other books except the Tibetan Medicinal Plants in Gannan of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(《青藏高原甘南藏药植物志》).In the books of the past dynasties,the aboveground part of Lomiophlomis rotatd was used as medicine.In addition,there were also records of using the whole herbs of Ajuga ovalifolia,A.ovalifolia var.calantha,and Oreosolen wattii as the medicine.In ancient times,the herb was mainly harvested before Frost's Descent in the 8th-9th months of the lunar calendar,while it was mainly harvested during the flowering-fruiting stage in autumn in modern times.Due to the decreased reserve of Lamiophlomis Herba,the medicinal part evolved from whole herb or fresh leaves to the aboveground part.According to the ancient and modern records,this herb mainly has the functions of nourishing bone and marrow,eliminating dampness and dampness-heat,stopping bleeding,and relieving pain.In ancient times,it was used for treating parasitic diseases,menostaxis,spermatorrhea,diarrhea,and nourishing the body.This paper aims to provide a basis for further development and study of Lamiophlomis Herba through the textual research.

关 键 词：独一味 本草考证 基原 藏族药 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学] R289R287R22R2-031R33R24