拜登政府的生物安全政策及其对中国的生物安全“竞赢”战略  

The Biden Administration’s Biosecurity Policy and Its“Out-Competing”Biosecurity Strategy towards China

作　　者：晋继勇 吴谨轩 JIN Jiyong;WU Jinxuan(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai,201620)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海201620

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2023年第4期130-155,160,共27页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金重点项目“开展抗击新冠肺炎疫情国际合作研究”(项目编号:22AZD110)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：拜登政府上台后发布了《新冠应对和大流行防范的国家战略》《国家生物技术和生物制造倡议》和《国家生物防御战略和实施计划》等聚焦生物安全的系列文件和倡议,标志着生物安全战略已经上升为美国政府的重要政策议程。新冠肺炎疫情对美国造成了史无前例的生物安全危机,拜登政府通过调整国内生物安全治理机制、加大生物安全领域的投资和开展卫生外交三种路径来推行其生物安全战略。该战略呈现出“全社会”“伪多边主义”和“地缘政治化”等特点,其目标在于:以促进美国生物安全强化美国整体国家安全、以生物安全为议题重塑美国国际领导力、以发展生物产业巩固美国生物技术霸权。在美国已确立对中国实施全面“竞赢”战略的背景下,生物安全治理领域不可避免地成为中美竞争的场域。这种竞争主要体现在全球生物安全治理制度和生物技术经济两个方面。拜登政府基于地缘政治考量和以“竞赢”为基调的生物安全战略使得中美生物安全合作前景黯淡。Shortly after President Biden assumed office,the American government issued a series of documents and initiatives focusing on biosecurity.These initiatives signify that biosecurity has become an important item on the policy agenda for the American government.The unprecedented biosecurity crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,the dysfunctional biosecurity governance mechanisms during the Trump administration,and the waning international leadership of the United States on the field of biosecurity governance serve as the primary background for the implementation of the Biden administration’s biosecurity strategy.The Biden administration implements its biosecurity strategy through three paths:adjusting domestic biosecurity governance mechanisms,increasing investment in biosecurity research and development,and conducting health diplomacy.The biosecurity governance strategy of the Biden administration exhibits such characteristics as“whole-of-society,”“pseudo-multilateralism,”and“geopoliticization.”It aims to strengthen the overall U.S.national security by promoting U.S.biosecurity,reshape U.S.international leadership through biosecurity,and consolidate U.S.biotechnological hegemony through the development of the biotech industry.Against the backdrop of the United States having established a comprehensive“Out-Competing”strategy towards China,there would be more competition between the United States and China in terms of biosecurity governance.The competition is mainly manifested in two aspects:competition in the international biosecurity regime and competition in the bio-technology economy.The Biden administration’s biosecurity strategy,based on geopolitical considerations and an“Out-Competing”approach,has dimmed the prospects for Sino-US biosecurity cooperation.

关 键 词：拜登政府 生物安全政策 “竞赢”战略 生物经济 生物技术 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系] Q16[政治法律—政治学] E86[政治法律—外交学]