贵州香禾糯地方稻种资源表型遗传多样性分析与综合评价  

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotype Genetic Diversity in Kam Sweet Rice Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

作　　者：李欢 鄢小青 杨占烈[1] 谭金玉 黎小冰 陈能刚 吴荣菊 陈惠查[1] 阮仁超[1] LI Huan;YAN XiaoQing;YANG ZhanLie;TAN JinYu;LI XiaoBing;CHEN NengGang;WU RongJu;CHEN HuiCha;RUAN RenChao(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第11期2035-2046,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般243);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2022]重点025号);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2022]重点026号);贵州省科技计划(黔科合服企[2022]014);国家“十三五”重点研发计划课题子课题(2016YFD0100101-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析贵州传统特色地方稻种资源香禾糯种质的表型遗传多样性,筛选表型综合评价指标,构建可靠的综合评价模型,为香禾糯特色优异种质的发掘和选育提供理论支撑。【方法】以286份来源于贵州黔东南州的香禾糯种质为研究对象,测定其13个表型性状。综合运用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析结合隶属函数法、回归分析等多元统计方法,对香禾糯种质进行表型遗传多样性分析和综合评价。【结果】香禾糯种质具有较高的表型遗传多样性,13个表型性状的变异系数为6.79%(谷粒宽)—30.73%(单株有效穗),多样性指数(H’)为2.484(谷粒长宽比)—2.996(剑叶宽)。相关性分析表明,各性状间显著或极显著相关,主成分分析将13个单项指标转换为7个独立的综合指标,贡献率为8.44%—23.14%,累计贡献率达90.29%。通过隶属函数法计算表型综合评价D值显示排名前5的品种综合性状最优;13个表型中有11个性状与D值显著相关。利用逐步回归分析建立表型评价数学模型,Y=-0.249+0.119X_(5)+0.395X_(13)+0.071X_(6)-0.161X_(3)+0.108X_(10)+0.170X_(2)+0.110X_(9)(F=2 800.200,R^(2)=0.986),筛选出7个表型综合评价指标。基于D值进行系统聚类,将286份种质划分为4类,各类群间性状差异明显,特点突出。第Ⅰ类综合性状最优,具有高产潜力,包含38份资源;第Ⅱ类综合性状一般,结实率较高,包含103份资源;第Ⅲ类综合性状较差,生育期较长,包含94份资源;第Ⅳ类综合性状最差,包含51份资源。【结论】贵州香禾糯稻种资源表型遗传多样性丰富;采用多元统计分析方法综合评价香禾糯种质是可行的;相同条件下构建的回归方程,可量化评价香禾糯种质的综合表现,且穗实粒数、谷粒宽、结实率、单株有效穗、剑叶长、株高和单株产量可作为鉴评指标;鉴选出早禾、糯禾-12、90天禾、苟东-1、糯禾-11等综合性状协调的优异种质,可供香禾【Objective】To analyze the phenotypic genetic diversity of traditional characteristic landraces of Kam Sweet Rice(KSR)in Guizhou,this study screened the comprehensive evaluation indicators for phenotype,and constructed a reliable mathematical model for comprehensive evaluation on phenotypes.This study provides valuable theoretical support for the discovery and breeding of exceptional KSR germplasm resources.【Method】13 phenotypic traits from a total of 286 KSR accessions collected from the Southeast Guizhou were measured.A variety of multiple statistical methods,including Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index,principal component analysis,subordinate function value analysis,and stepwise regression analysis,were used to analyze the phenotypic genetic diversity and comprehensively evaluate on KSR germplasm resources.【Result】Firstly,the KSR germplasm showed high phenotypic genetic diversity,with the variation coefficients of the 13 phenotypic traits ranging from 6.79%(Grain width)to 30.73%(Panicle number per plant),and the diversity index(H')ranging from 2.484(Ratio of length to width for grain)to 2.996(Flag leaf width).Correlation analysis showed significant or highly significant correlations among the different traits.Principal component analysis showed that the 13 traits were integrated into 7 principal components,with contribution rates ranging from 8.44%to 23.14%,and the additive contributing rate came up to 90.29%.The phenotypic comprehensive evaluation D value calculated by subordinate function values analysis showed that the top 5 varieties had the best characteristics,and 11 phenotypic traits were significantly correlated with the D value.The stepwise regression analysis established a mathematical model for phenotypic evaluation of KSR,Y=-0.249+0.119X_(5)+0.395X_(13)+0.071X_(6)-0.161X_(3)+0.108X_(10)+0.170X_(2)+0.110X_(9)(F=2800.200,R^(2)=0.986).Based on the model,7 comprehensive evaluation indicators were screened out.At last,the 286 germplasm resources were systematically clustered into four cat

关 键 词：香禾糯 稻种资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]