基于品质、产量与水肥利用效率的基质栽培辣椒水肥管理优化  

Optimization of Water and Fertilizer Management of Substrate Cultivated Peppers Based on Quality,Yield,and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency

作　　者：周道明 孙涛[1] 赵玉红 贾媛婕 杨铭菲 屈锋 胡晓辉[1] ZHOU DaoMing;SUN Tao;ZHAO YuHong;JIA YuanJie;YANG MingFei;QU Feng;HU XiaoHui(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Facility Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室/陕西省设施农业工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第12期2354-2366,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2022NY-116);财政部和农业农村部:大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-23-D06)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究灌溉频率和营养液供应量耦合对袋培辣椒品质、产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响,优化袋培辣椒水肥管理方案。【方法】以‘凯莱(37-83)RZ F1’辣椒为试材,以维持基质含水量55%—60%所需要的灌水量(IA)为每日单株总灌水量,设置3种单株灌溉频率和2个营养液供应量。单株灌溉频率是将IA分别按照1次(IF1)、2次(IF2)和4次(IF3)供应;营养液供应量为标准山崎辣椒营养液供应量(NS1,即门椒开花至三层果收获期和三层果采收后,每日供应量分别为250 mL/株和500 mL/株)和持续增加营养液供应量(NS2,即初始营养液供应量每日为250 mL/株,辣椒每采收一层果实后,单株营养液供应量增加50 mL,至500 mL/株时不再增加),共6个耦合处理。采用主成分分析-优劣解距离法、隶属函数分析法和灰色关联度分析法对果实品质、产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力指标进行综合评价。【结果】除果肩长外,灌溉频率对辣椒果实的品质指标均有极显著影响(P<0.01);营养液供应量对辣椒果实的维生素C、可溶性蛋白、辣椒素和二氢辣椒素有极显著影响(P<0.01),对其他品质指标无显著影响;二者耦合对辣椒果实除果皮厚度之外的品质指标均有极显著影响(P<0.01);同时,灌溉频率、营养液供应量和二者耦合对辣椒产量和水分利用率均表现出极显著影响(P<0.01)。PCA-TOPSIS法、隶属函数分析法和灰色关联度分析法对测定指标的评价结果一致,排名前两位的处理均为IF1NS1和IF2NS2,其中,IF1NS1处理的果实品质最好,产量、水分利用效率和氮磷钾肥偏生产力均最高,分别为74482.24 kg·hm^(-2)、34.21 kg·m^(-3)、625.95 kg·kg^(-1)、679.54 kg·kg和367.23 kg·kg^(-1)。因此,IF1NS1为最优水肥耦合处理。【结论】袋培辣椒的最优灌溉频率和营养液管理方案为:单株灌溉频率为维持基质含水量55%—60%所需要的灌水量按照1次供【Objective】The aim of this study was to optimize the water and fertilizer management of peppers,and to investigate the effects of the coupling of irrigation frequency and nutrient solution supply on the quality,yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of peppers grown in substrate bags.【Method】Kailai(37-83)RZ F1 pepper was chosen as the material in the study,the irrigation amount(IA)required to maintain the water content of the substrate at 55%-60%was set as the total daily IA of single plant,and three irrigation frequencies(IF)of single plant were to supply IA according to 1 time(IF1),2 times(IF2)and 4 times(IF3),respectively,and two nutrient solution supply amounts(NS)were the standard Yamazaki pepper nutrient solution(NS1,i.e.250 mL/plant per day and 500 mL/plant per day during the flowering to triple layer harvesting period and after the triple layer harvesting,respectively)and the increasing nutrient solution(NS2,i.e.the initial nutrient solution supply was 250 mL/plant per day,after each layer of pepper was harvested,the nutrient supply of single plant was increased by 50 mL,and did not increase until it increased to 500 mL/plant),for a total of six coupled treatments.The principal component analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(PCA-TOPSIS),membership function analysis and grey relational degree analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate fruit quality,yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity.【Result】The IF had a significant effect on all quality indicators except shoulder length(P<0.01);the NS had a significant effect on vitamin C,soluble protein,capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on other quality indicators;the coupling of IF and NS showed highly significant effect on the quality indicators,except the thickness of the peel(P<0.01).At the same time,IF,NS and their coupling showed extremely significant effects on pepper yield and water use efficiency(P<0.01).The evaluation result

关 键 词：辣椒 产量 品质 水肥利用效率 水肥优化 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]