短波紫外线的消杀机制与影响因素  

UVC Sterilization Mechanism and Influencing Factors

作　　者：竹涛[1] 付顺江 谢蔚 徐欢[1] Zhu Tao;Fu Shunjiang;Xie Wei;Xu Huan(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第9期161-172,共12页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52270114)。

摘　　要：在COVID‐19大流行期间,人们在不断探索寻求高效、安全、环保的防疫方法,短波紫外线具有消杀效果好、无毒害、无污染等特性,受到了国内外的广泛关注。鉴于此,本文详细介绍了短波紫外线在消杀机制、影响因素与安全性等方面的研究与应用进展。在消杀机制方面,通过对比两个不同波段(200~230 nm与250~280 nm)短波紫外线消杀机制的差异,分析了其对微生物灭活的影响因素及制约因素;在消杀影响因素方面,通过分析紫外线波长、辐照剂量、生物类型以及消杀环境等因素对消杀效率的影响,总结得出了短波紫外线消杀的最佳操作参数;在消杀安全性方面,总结了短期低剂量短波紫外线辐照在医疗方面的应用,概述了长期高剂量222 nm紫外线辐照实验研究的结论,提出了短波紫外线消杀未来的研究方向。Significance The novel coronavirus pandemic has caused great concern in global public health.According to data released by the World Health Organization(WHO),the cumulative number of new confirmed coronavirus cases worldwide now exceeds 630 million and the number of deaths exceeds 6.62 million.The daily prevention of the spread of the virus has become an essential step in our lives.The coronaviruses plays an important role in transmission through aerosol transmission,so much research has focused on methods to disinfect the air to interrupt the spread of the virus.Short-wave ultraviolet(UV)can reduce the incidence of airborne infectious diseases,effectively inactivate airborne active pathogens,and has non-toxic,non-polluting properties,providing an efficient,safe,and environmentally friendly epidemic prevention and control method.According to the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program,it is pointed out that the new coronavirus belongs to the beta genus coronavirus,and chemical reagents,such as ether,75%ethanol,and chlorinecontaining disinfectants can make the virus inactivate,and the new coronavirus is sensitive to ultraviolet light and heat,thus,chemical disinfection,ultraviolet disinfection,and high-temperature disinfection are effective methods for inactivating the virus.Currently,chemical disinfection is a common disinfection method,although it is effective,there are problems,such as consuming certain human resources and directly exposing disinfection personnel to danger;although the new coronavirus is sensitive to heat,high temperature inactivation has a narrow scope of application and is somewhat restrictive.Unlike the above disinfection methods,short-wave UV disinfection is more effective and safer.With the advantages and characteristics of short-wave UV disinfection,it is widely used in medical,food,environmental health,and other areas.Compared with chemical disinfection,short-wave UV disinfection is a non-chemical process that does not produce chemical residues and does not require trans

关 键 词：生物光学 短波紫外线 消杀机制 影响因素 安全性 

分 类 号：R187[医药卫生—流行病学]