1991—2021年广东省农业面源污染源特征分析  

Agricultural non-point source pollution in Guangdong Province of China from 1991 to 2021

作　　者：王楠 郝贝贝 张思毅 贺斌 WANG Nan;HAO Beibei;ZHANG Siyi;HE Bin(National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州510650

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第9期190-200,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201004);国家自然科学基金项目(42177065);广东省重点研发计划项目(2020B1111530001);广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200301003)。

摘　　要：广东省是经济强省也是农业大省。为保障粮食安全,近年来农业发展速度加快,化肥、农药、地膜的大量使用以及畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展等,使得广东省农业面源污染问题日渐凸显。为揭示广东省农业面源污染物排放量和排放来源,阐明农业面源污染的主要特征及发展趋势,该研究基于1991—2021年历史统计数据分析,运用排污系数法估算了广东省各农业面源污染物排放负荷,阐明了农业面源污染的主要来源及其随时间发展的变化趋势。结果显示:(1)1991—2021年广东省农业源化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH3-N)、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)排放量整体呈现增加趋势,2018年以来各污染物排放量出现小幅度降低。与1991年相比,2021年农业源COD、NH3-N、TN和TP排放量分别增长至1.9、1.9、1.7和2.2倍。(2)种植业和畜禽养殖业是广东省农业面源污染的主要来源,种植业对农业源NH3-N、TN排放量的贡献率最大(占比分别为48%、52%),而畜禽养殖业对农业源COD、TP排放量的贡献率最大(占比分别为90%、51%);此外,水产养殖业对农业源各项水污染物排放总量的贡献率在10%~16%之间,但其排放量及贡献率均呈逐年上升趋势。研究客观分析了1991年来广东省农业面源污染特征及变化趋势,结果可以为农业面源污染防治对策提供科学依据。Guangdong Province is one of the largest agricultural regions in China,in addition to the robust economy.Agricultural development has been accelerated to ensure the food security in recent years.The agricultural non-point source pollution has been triggered by the large-scale investments in chemical fertilizers,pesticides,plastic mulch,and the rapid development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.The purpose of this study is to unveil the emission quantity and sources of agricultural non-point source pollutants in Guangdong Province,elucidate the main characteristics and development trends of agricultural non-point source pollution,and thereby propose control measures targeting the primary pollutant sources.In this study,the emission coefficient was proposed to estimate the number of various pollutants that emitted by agriculture,livestock and poultry breeding,and aquaculture in Guangdong Province of China from 1991 to 2021.The data was also collected to better understand the agricultural development in the fertilization,arable land area,pig,cattle,poultry and aquaculture.The main causes were then determined for the agricultural non-point source pollution and their changing trends over time.The results show that:(1)An upward trend was found in the total discharges of chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)from the agricultural sources.The discharges of various pollutants decreased slightly since 2018,due to the reducing use of chemical fertilizer.The amount of fertilizer was applied per unit area more than twice the international average level.It is very necessary to reduce the chemical fertilizer use for the high efficiency.The discharges of COD,NH3-N,TN,and TP from the agricultural sources increased to 1.9,1.9,1.7,and 2.2 times,respectively,in 2021,compared with 1991.(2)The primary contributors to the agricultural non-point source pollution were the planting,livestock and poultry breeding industries.The planting industry was contributed the most

关 键 词：农业 污染 面源 排污系数法 广东省 畜禽养殖 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]