离子液体调控材料物性的研究进展  

A Review of Using Ionic Liquids to Control Materials Properties

作　　者：石佳建 李宝河[1] 息剑峰 刘丹[1] 刘帅[1] 王桂玲 SHI Jiajian;LI Baohe;XI Jianfeng;LIU Dan;LIU Shuai;WANG Guiling(School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学人工智能学院,北京102488

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第13期64-71,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(2214070);国家自然科学基金(52001012,62075245);北京市人才培养质量建设项目(19008021064);科技创新服务能力建设重点项目(19002020124)。

摘　　要：载流子浓度是影响材料特性的重要物理参量,通过电场调控材料的载流子浓度可以对材料的电学、磁学、光学甚至结构特性都产生非常重要的影响。静电场效应调控晶体管结构中的载流子浓度是改变凝聚态物质电子状态的重要手段,近几年,使用离子液体(Ionic liquid)作为晶体管的栅极电介质引起了广泛的关注。离子液体是电解质由可移动的阴阳有机离子构成,在室温下为液态的物质。将离子液体作为晶体管的栅极电介质可以形成双电层晶体管(Electric-double-layer transistors)对材料物性进行调控。离子液体调控的巧妙之处在于离子液体中的阳离子和材料中的电子形成的双电层结构本质上是一个纳米量级的平行板电容器,它具有极大的电容值,可以实现比普通晶体管更大范围的场效应调控。离子液体调控技术可以分为静电场调控和电化学调控。本文基于离子液体调控技术可以原位、大范围、可逆地调控材料载流子浓度的优点,主要综述了利用离子液体调控技术对薄膜结构相变、磁学特性、输运特性、热传导特性等物理性质调控的研究进展,并展望了离子液体调控技术在智能玻璃、人工神经网络器件等方向的未来应用。Carrier density is an important factor that affects the physical properties of materials.Tuning the carrier density by an electric field can have an important impact on the electronic,magnetic,optical,or even structural properties of a material.Controlling the carrier density in a transistor using electric fields is an important approach for tuning the electronic states of condensed matter.Recently,transistors using ionic liquids as gate dielectrics have attracted significant attention.Ionic liquids are a type of aqueous electrolyte that conducts electricity through the movement of organic cations and anions.By using ionic liquids as gate dielectrics,an electric double-layer transistor can be fabricated for material-property control.The major advantage of ionic-liquid gating is that the electric double layer formed by the cations and electrons is essentially a nanoscale parallel-plate capacitor with a very large specific capacitance.Ionic liquid technology can realise a wider tunable range of carrier density than traditional transistor technology.With the rapid development of ionic liquid technology,two paradigms,electrostatic field-effect tuning and electrochemical doping,have been recently explored.Based on several beneficial aspects of in situ,reversible,and large-scale tunability of the ionic liquid technology,we herewith make a comprehensive review of the research progress on ionic-liquid-controlled structural transition,magnetic properties,electrical transport,and thermal conduction of thin films.The future prospects of ionic-liquid-control technology for use in smart glass and artificial neural network devices have also been suggested.

关 键 词：离子液体调控 结构相变 输运特性 物性调控 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]