中国近代经济发展的模式、阶段划分与规模度量  

Modern Chinese Economy:Development Models,Periodization and Measurement

作　　者：杜恂诚[1] Du Xuncheng

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2023年第3期85-100,M0003,M0004,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：近代中国经济的基本发展模式,是西方列强用武力强迫清政府签订不平等条约,将中国纳入世界贸易体系之中,使中国被迫成为西方国家的产品销售市场和原材料供应地。西方国家并不希望中国能够独立自主地发展经济,因此不仅不予帮助,反而阻碍中国产业自成体系。但是,中国的企业家和广大职工抓住了两大历史机遇,即棉纺织业产品的进口替代和新型城市化的发展,使中国工业发展取得一定的成绩。与经济发展模式紧密相扣,近代中国经济可划分为五个发展阶段。对于近代中国经济的规模度量,不能像度量西方国家经济那样只关注工业,而更应关注进出口行业、与城市化相关的各种行业,还应深入研究近代中国进出口行业和中国市场对世界经济的作用和影响。The basic development model of modern Chinese economy emerged after Western powers forced the Qing government to sign unequal treaties by military means,which brought China into the world trade system and made China become a market for Western products and a supplier of raw materials as a result.Western countries did not want China to develop its economy independently,so they not only refused to help,but also hindered the development of Chinese industries.However,Chinese entrepreneurs and workers seized two historical opportunities,namely the import substitution of cotton textile products and the development of new urbanization,which brought considerable development for Chinese industries.A related question is to divide stages of modern Chinese economy.This article proposes to divide the development of modern Chinese economy into five stages.As for the measurement of the volume of modern Chinese economy,this article insists that we should not follow the steps of western countries,which only measured the volume of industries in their countries.Instead,we should pay more attention to import and export industries and urbanization-related industries.Moreover,more in-depth studies should be conducted to examine the roles and impact of the Chinese market in general and modern Chinese import and export industries in particular on the world economy.

关 键 词：中国近代经济 经济发展模式 进出口行业 工业化 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]