一流高校博士后科研创新支持体系运作机制研究——基于二阶结构方程模型的实证分析  

Research on the Operation Mechanism of the Post-doctoral Research Innovation Support System in First-class Universities:An Empirical Analysis Based on Structural Equation Model

作　　者：马立超 姚昊 MA Lichao;YAO Hao(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Higher Education,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]同济大学高等教育研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《教育学报》2023年第3期170-183,共14页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目“我国高等教育普及化阶段的公平、质量、结构及布局研究”(项目编号:A2021008)研究成果。

摘　　要：随着博士后引进规模扩大化、聘任类型多样化和管理实践差异化,促进博士后科研创新成为推进一流大学建设和一流学科建设的重要抓手。对42所一流大学建设高校的博士后展开问卷调查,剖析博士后科研创新支持体系的静态要素结构以及动态运作机理。结果发现,一流高校博士后科研创新支持体系的协同性功能不足,学术环境的支持水平明显低于管理制度、组织支持和科研效能感,留任难度大、经济支持力度弱、心理疏导匮乏是制约博士后科研创新的“短板”。在支持体系的运作机制方面,表现出“学术环境→管理制度→组织支持→科研效能感→科研创新”这一由外而内、从宏观到微观的“链式”传递效应,管理制度在学术环境影响组织支持时发挥完全中介作用,组织支持在管理制度影响科研效能感时发挥部分中介作用。基于此,建议从净化学术生态环境、疏通职业晋升通道、强化经济与心理支持、激发科研效能感等方面入手,完善博士后科研创新支持体系的实践运作机制。With the expansion of the scale of the introduction of postdocs,the diversification of employment types and the differentiation of management practices,promoting the innovation of postdocs’research has become an important starting point to promote the construction of first-class teachers,first-class disciplines and first-class universities.Through a questionnaire survey of postdocs from 42 first-rate universities,the static element structure of postdocs’scientific research innovation support system and the dynamic operation mechanism are presented.The results show that the collaborative function of the support system for post-doctoral research innovation in first-class universities is insufficient,the support level of academic environment is significantly lower than the management system.Organizational support and research efficacy,and the difficulty of retention,weak economic support and lack of psychological counseling are also the shortcomings of the supporting factors for post-doctoral research innovation.In terms of the operation mechanism of the support system,it shows a chain effect from the outside to the inside and from the macro to the micro,including from the academic environment to management system,to organizational support,then to scientific research efficacy,and finally to scientific research innovation.The management system plays a complete intermediary role in the process of the influence of academic environment on organizational support.Organizational support played a partial mediating role in the effect of management system on research efficacy.Therefore,it is suggested to further improve the practical operation mechanism of the post-doctoral research innovation support system by purifying the academic ecological environment,dredging the path of career promotion,strengthening economic and psychological support,and stimulating the sense of research efficacy.

关 键 词：博士后 科研创新 学术环境 管理制度 组织支持 科研效能感 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]