超大体量石窟文物数字化3D打印再生技术及应用  

Digital 3D Printing Regeneration Technology and Application on Oversized Grottoes Cultural Relics

作　　者：刁常宇 高俊苹 宁波 黄能迁 黄硕 宋亚雯 李志荣 DIAO Changyu;GAO Junping;NING Bo;HUANG Nengqian;HUANG Shuo;SONG Yawen;LI Zhirong(Academy of Cultural Heritage,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310030,China;Longmen Grottoes Academy,Luoyang 471023,China;Yungang Research Institute,Datong 037036,China;Dazu Stone Carving Research Institute,Chongqing 402360,China;The Architectural Design&Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310030,China;Shenzhen MIC Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文化遗产研究院,浙江杭州310030 [2]龙门石窟研究院,河南洛阳471023 [3]云冈研究院,山西大同037036 [4]大足石刻研究院,重庆402360 [5]浙江大学建筑设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州310030 [6]美科图像(深圳)有限公司,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《工业技术创新》2023年第3期32-40,共9页Industrial Technology Innovation

摘　　要：聚焦超大体量石窟文物数字化3D打印再生技术及应用开展研究。考察铣削曲面加工成型技术、熔融沉积成型(FDM)3D打印技术、光固化成型(SLA)3D打印技术,进行研究与比选,认为FDM和SLA两种增材制造技术为适合于超大体量石窟文物复制的合理技术路线。以云冈石窟第三窟西后室、云冈石窟第十二窟、龙门石窟古阳洞北壁四大龛为工作对象,对不同的3D打印方式、不同的石窟文物复制技术进行尝试和应用,得知质感和色彩复原问题、3D打印材料高温变形问题仍有待通过技术攻关加以解决,但若干关键技术的解决使得超大体量石窟文物3D打印再生技术进入了推广应用阶段。以大足石刻北山佛湾245龛等为工作对象,建立了集田野数据采集、海量3D数据处理、批量3D打印、模块拼装、上色妆銮、结构设计、运输等阶段于一体的数字化3D打印再生工艺规范,整个工艺过程仅需89.5天。超大体量石窟文物数字化3D打印再生使石窟寺由“不可移动的文物”变为“可以行走的石窟”,让“活起来”的石窟走向了公众。Studies were carried out focusing on the digital 3D printing regeneration technology and application on oversized grottoes cultural relics.The milling curved surface machining and forming technology,Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)3D printing technology and Stereo Lithography Apparatus(SLA)3D printing technology were investigated and compared.It is considered that two kinds of additive manufacturing technologies,i.e.FDM and SLA,are feasible technological routes suitable for the reproduction of oversized grottoes.Taking the west back chamber of the Third Cave Temple in Yungang Grottoes,the 12th Cave Temple of Yungang Grottoes and the four big niches on the north wall of Guyangdong Cave in Longmen Grottoes as the working objects,different 3D printing methods and different grottoes cultural relics reproduction technologies were tried and applied.It is known that the problems of texture and color recovery and high temperature deformation of 3D printing materials still needed to be solved through technological research,but the solution of several key technologies makes the 3D printing and regeneration technology of oversized grottoes cultural relics enter the stage of popularization and application.Taking the 245 Niche of Buddha Bay in the North Mountain of Dazu Stone Carvings as the work object,a digital 3D printing regeneration process specification was established integrating stages such as field data collection,massive 3D data processing,batch 3D printing,module assembly,coloring and makeup,structural design and transportation.The whole process only takes 89.5days.The digital 3D printing regeneration on oversized grottoes cultural relics has changed the cave temples from"immovable cultural relics"to"walkable cave temples"and brings the"alive"grottoes to the public.

关 键 词：文物数字化 3D打印再生 FDM 3D打印 SLA 3D打印 云冈石窟 龙门石窟 大足石刻 

分 类 号：K879.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]