中美欧中老年人健康预期寿命及其社会经济因素比较研究  

Analysis of healthy life expectancy and related socioeconomic influencing factors among the middle-aged and elderly in China,the United States,and the European Union

作　　者：侯星朵 罗雅楠 金音子[1] 郑志杰 Hou Xingduo;Luo Yanan;Jin Yinzi;Zheng Zhijie(Department of Global Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系,北京100191

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2023年第6期1006-1012,共7页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(21ZDA130)。

摘　　要：目的计算和比较中国、美国、欧盟发展中国家和发达国家中老年人健康预期寿命(HLE),分析社会经济因素对不同国家或地区中老年人生命长度及质量的影响。方法使用2010-2019年调查,数据分别来自中国老年健康与退休追踪调查、美国老年人健康和退休调查以及欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查,其中欧盟发达国家和欧盟发展中国家被分为两组分别计算。选择文化程度、家庭经济水平以及工作退休状态作为社会经济指标,日常生活自理能力作为健康状态指标。使用多状态生命周期表法计算在某一时段内不同健康状态间的转换概率,测算HLE。结果研究共纳入69544例中老年人,年龄上,欧盟发达国家和美国中老年人在各年龄段中均有更高HLE;性别上,仅中国女性的HLE低于中国男性。社会经济因素上,文化程度较高、家庭经济水平高的中老年人有更高HLE;在中国,工作的中老年人有更高的HLE,而在美国女性和欧盟发达国家,退休/无业的中老年人有更高的HLE。结论人口和社会经济因素对不同国家或地区中老年人的HLE影响有所不同,作为发展中国家,中国应当更加关注女性、文化程度较低、家庭经济水平低的退休中老年人健康。Objective To calculate and compare the healthy life expectancy(HLE)of the middle-aged and elderly in China,the United States,and developing and developed countries in the European Union(EU)and analyze the impact of socioeconomic factors on HLE in different countries or regions.Methods Four surveys from 2010 to 2019 were brought into the research.The data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,Health and Retirement Study,and the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe.Developed and developing countries in the EU were divided into two groups for calculation.Education level,total family wealth,and work retirement status were selected to measure socioeconomic status,and activities of daily living were used as health status indicators.We used the multi-state life cycle table method to calculate the transition probability between different health states and estimate life expectancy and HLE.Results A total of 69544 samples were included in the study.In terms of age,the middle-aged and elderly in the United States and developed countries of the EU have higher HLE in all age groups.In terms of gender,only Chinese women have lower HLE than men.Regarding socioeconomic factors,the middle-aged and elderly with higher education levels and total family wealth level have higher HLE.In China,working seniors have higher HLE,while for USA women and developed countries of the EU,retired or unemployed seniors have higher HLE.Conclusions Demographic and socioeconomic factors impact HLE in different countries or regions.China should pay more attention to the health of women and the middle-aged and elderly retired with lower education and less total family wealth.

关 键 词：健康预期寿命 国别差异 中老年人 

分 类 号：R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学]