市场交易中的产权界定:基于农地经营权流转合同的分析  

Definition of Property Rights in Market Transactions:An Analysis of the Transfer Contracts of Farmland Management Rights

作　　者：徐亚东 张应良[2] XU Yadong;ZHANG Yingliang

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院 [2]西南大学农村经济管理研究中心

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2023年第3期44-60,共17页China Rural Survey

基　　金：“研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神”国家社会科学基金重点项目“深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略的路径与政策研究”(编号:21AZD032);国家社会科学基金重点项目“新形势下提升中国粮食产业战略竞争力的重点方略与路径选择研究”(编号:20AGL023);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“‘有效衔接-有能集体-有为政府’框架下促进城乡融合发展的关键桎梏及其破解途径”(编号:CYB2022086)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：产权理论的核心观点——产权清晰界定是市场交易的先决条件——引出两个问题:什么是产权清晰界定,产权界定的内容框架包括哪些;在不完全产权情况下,如何理解该核心观点。基于产权概念的共识,本文构建包含“‘产’-权能-权限-权属”四个方面的产权界定内容框架,并通过分析农地经营权流转合同对上述问题进行讨论。研究表明:第一,农地经营权的“经济权利”界定相较于“法律权利”界定而言并不清晰,后者是前者初始界定的重要参照。第二,在市场交易前,农地经营权的“产”、权属、流转权能和生产权能的界定在所有流转合同中均是明确的,因而不完全产权情况下的产权清晰界定包括对“产”、权属和基础权能的清晰界定。第三,当“法律权利”界定清晰时,“经济权利”界定可通过市场交易实现。市场交易是权能与权限的交易,也是权能与权限的权属关系的重新界定。另外,市场交易的过程也是各主体缔约的过程。因此,未来的理论和政策研究不仅要注重产权界定,更要重视产权交易,降低各主体缔约的交易费用,实现缔约自主自由。The core idea of property rights theory——clear definition of property rights is the prerequisite for market transactions——leads to two questions,a)what a clearly defined property right is and what the framework of property rights definition includes,and b)how to understand the core idea in the case of incomplete property rights.Based on the broadly-accepted concept of property rights,this paper constructs a framework of property rights definition including four aspects:"property'-power-authority-ownership",and discusses the above questions by analyzing the transfer contracts of farmland management right.We find that:first,the definition of"economic rights"of farmland management rights is not clear compared with that of legal rights".The latter is an important reference for defining the former.Second,before the market transaction,the definition of"property",ownership,transfer right and production right of farmland management right is clear in all the transfer contracts.Therefore,the clear definition of property rights in the case of incomplete property rights includes the clear definition of""property",ownership and basic power.Third,when the"legal rights"'are clearly defined,the definition of"economic rights"can be realized through market transactions.A market transaction is the transaction of power and authority,and also the redefinition of the ownership relationship between power and authority.In addition,the process of market transactions is also the process of contracting of each subject.Therefore,the future theoretical and policy studies should not only pay attention to the definition of property rights,but also the property rights transaction,reducing the transaction costs of each subject and realizing the freedom of contracting.

关 键 词：产权界定 市场交易 经营权流转合同 权属 权能 权限 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]