“社会生活”的构建与就近城镇化——对“二代农民工”返乡购房的考察  

Construction of"Social Life"and Nearby Urbanization:An Investigation of Second-generation Migrant Workers'Home Purchases in the Place of Origin

作　　者：粟后发 SU Houfa

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2023年第3期106-124,共19页China Rural Survey

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目“新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识实践路径研究”(编号:21ZDA10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国中西部地区“二代农民工”回到家乡的县城或市区购房是当下的普遍趋势,学界称为“就近城镇化”。对此,以往的研究多将其视为制度性阻碍或家庭策略的结果,但难以解释在制度性障碍消失后农民工返乡购房的情况。本文研究发现:“二代农民工”返乡购房更多是受乡土性“社会生活”方式(以家庭为本位,以乡土网络为依归)的影响和主动平衡不同生活需求与期待的结果。特别是家乡的乡土网络,由于可以缓解城市生活带来的压抑和疏离,对他们返乡购房起到了重要作用。因为家庭纽带和乡土网络的联结,进城的“二代农民工”并没有脱离乡村社会,而是在“村庄-县城或市区-务工城市”频繁往返,这使得中国城镇化呈现不同于西方“拔根的城市化”(乡村的原有生计方式、社会组织和社会关系被破坏殆尽)的特征。不过,由于产业基础薄弱,中西部地区一些地方就近城镇化的发展并未达到健康状态。对此,须因地制宜发展特色县域经济,促进农村劳动力就地就近就业创业。在政策制定方面,应注重将农民工视为家庭和社会关系中的“人”,加快构建城乡融合发展新格局,以原有的社会文化基础为资源(或加以转化),走中国特色的新型城镇化道路。It is a common trend for the second generation of migrant workers in the central and western regions to return to their hometown counties or prefecture level cities to buy properties,which defines nearby urbanization.In this regard,previous studies regard it as the result of institutional barriers and family strategies,which does not fully explain the situation of migrant workers"returning home"to buy properties after institutional barriers disappear.In addition,this study finds that the second-generation migrant workers return home to buy properties because they are affected by the rural lifestyle(family-based,local network-based),balancing different life needs and expectations.In particular,the local network in their hometown has played an important role in their"return"because it can alleviate the depression and alienation led by the urban lifestyle.Due to the ties of family and local network,the second-generation migrant workers in the city,instead of leaving the rural society,constantly commute among villages,county towns,urban areas and working cities,which makes China's urbanization different from the westem uprooted urbanization(the disintegration of the original livelihood,social organizations,and social relationships in rural areas).However,due to the weak industrial foundation,the nearby urbanization in the central and western regions has not reached a healthy state.Only by vigorously developing the county economies and encouraging employment and enterprise nearby,can China move towards a rooted urbanization.Finally,when making urban and rural policies,the govermment should treat migrant workers as"people"in the family and social network,and utilize the original social and cultural foundations(or transform them)to embark on a path to urbanization withChinesecharacteristics.

关 键 词：就近城镇化 社会生活 家庭本位 乡土网络 城乡关系 

分 类 号：D422.7[政治法律—政治学] F299.21[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]