尼帕病毒病流行概况与风险防范  

Epidemic and risk prevention of Nipah virus disease

作　　者：袁帅 曾潇 綦佩妍 王莹 YUAN Shuai;ZENG Xiao;QI Peiyan;WANG Ying(Guangzhou Customs Technology Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510623,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广州海关技术中心,广东广州510623 [2]广州国际旅行卫生保健中心

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2023年第3期290-294,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC 1200400);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212030016)。

摘　　要：尼帕病毒病是由尼帕病毒感染所致的人兽共患病,马来西亚、新加坡、孟加拉国、印度和菲律宾5国已经报告发生疫情。本文对尼帕病毒病的病原学、全球流行情况、流行病学特征和临床表现进行概述,并从4个方面分析尼帕病毒病在我国发生的风险,包括尼帕病毒宿主范围广泛、突变率高,我国存在尼帕病毒自然疫源地和中间宿主,也存在尼帕病毒病跨境传播风险。最后提出4项风险防范措施,即秉持“同一健康”理念,强化联防联控和机制创新,强化入境检疫严防疫病境外输入,加强国际合作协力打造人类卫生健康共同体,以及开展宣传教育增强公众的生物安全防范意识。Nipah virus disease(NVD) is a zoonotic disease caused by Nipah virus(NiV).The five countries that reported NVD cases are Malaysia,Singapore,Bangladesh,India and Philippines. In this paper,we summarized the etiology,global prevalence,epidemiological features and clinical manifestations of NVD. Then we analyzed the risk of NVD outbreak in China from four aspects,the broad host range and high mutation rate of NiV,the natural foci of NiV being proved to exist in China,the intermediate host of NiV existing widely in China,and the risk of cross-border transmission of NVD. Finally,four risk prevention measures were put forward,including carrying out the concept of "one health" and strengthening joint prevention and control mechanism,strengthening entry quarantine to strictly prevent imported diseases,strengthening international cooperation to build a human health community,and carrying out publicity and education to enhance public awareness of biosafety prevention.

关 键 词：尼帕病毒病 尼帕病毒 果蝠 同一健康 

分 类 号：R185.35[医药卫生—流行病学]