钬激光诱导空化气泡及组织消融的实验研究  

Experimental study on holmium laser-induced cavitation bubble and tissue ablation

作　　者：徐云飞 边雅龙 张玉锋 曹扬[3] 罗胜年 XU Yunfei;BIAN Yalong;ZHANG Yufeng;CAO Yang;LUO Shengnian(The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;The Third People′s Hospital of Chengdu,Chengdu 610072,Sichuan,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]顶峰多尺度科学研究所,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学物理科学与技术学院,四川成都610031 [3]成都市第三人民医院,四川成都610072 [4]西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《实验力学》2023年第3期371-377,共7页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.11627901)。

摘　　要：为揭示高能量激光脉冲诱导气泡空化的机理及其在组织消融中的应用前景,通过自主研制的Ho:YAG激光器开展了大量激光诱导气泡空化的实验,并将Ho:YAG激光器应用于真实结石的消融过程。首先,通过高速摄影获取空化气泡的演变过程,量化了空泡尺寸随时间的演化过程以及不同激光脉冲能量下空泡体积最大时的形状和尺寸。空化气泡的演变过程包括成核、膨胀、坍塌和反弹等多个阶段,随着时间增加会反复膨胀和坍塌,由于气泡能量急剧衰减,气泡的最大尺寸也迅速减小;随着激光脉冲能量的增加,最大空化气泡的尺寸逐渐增加,整体形状从近似球形逐渐变为椭球形。随后,利用高能激光开展了真实结石的消融实验,并对消融后形貌进行了量化表征,高速摄影和形貌表征结果表明,激光脉冲产生了由水蒸气和结石碎片形成的烧蚀羽流并在结石表面形成碗状深坑,这是气泡空化和光热消融共同作用的结果。钬激光对于结石组织具有较好的消融效果,临床研究中可适当提高钬激光能量以达到更好的碎石效果。In order to reveal the mechanism of laser-induced bubble cavitation and application in hard tissue ablation by high laser pulses,laser-induced cavitation experiments were carried out with a homemade Ho:YAG laser.The morphology evolution of cavitation bubbles and the dimensions of the bubbles with the largest volume at different laser pulse energies were characterized by high-speed imaging.Multiple stages were observed in the cavitation and bubbling process,i.e.,nucleation,expansion,collapse,and re-expansion.The bubble expands and collapses repeatedly,and the maximum size of bubbles decreases rapidly due to the rapid attenuation of bubble energy.In addition,the shape of the largest bubble evolves from nearly spherical to ellipsoidal as the laser pulse energy increases.Finally,the high-energy laser was applied to the ablation of human calculi.The optical and surface images show that laser pulses produce plumes consisting of air and fragments and bowl-shaped craters on the ablated calculus surfaces.This is a combined result of laser-induced bubble cavitation and photothermal ablation.Holmium laser has a good effect on calculus ablation,which can appropriately increase the holmium laser pulse energy to achieve better clinical application.

关 键 词：钬激光 空化气泡 激光消融 结石 

分 类 号：O383[理学—流体力学] R318.51[理学—力学]