氮肥不同施用量下拉萨达孜地区饲用黑麦的生产性能和营养价值  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on the production and nutritive value of forage rye in the Lhasa DagzêDistrict

作　　者：许丽华 付刚[1] 钟志明[1] XU Lihua;FU Gang;ZHONG Zhiming(Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling/Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室拉萨高原生态系统研究站,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第6期1592-1599,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2021YFD10000303);中科院草业先导专项(A类)西藏子课题(XDA26050501);达孜区重点研发项目(XZDZKJ-2021-01);西藏科技重大专项(XZ202101ZD0003N);西藏中央引导地方资金项目(XZ202301YD0012C);西藏乡村振兴揭榜挂帅项目(XZ202101ZY0008N-KT01);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员(2020054)。

摘　　要：为探究氮肥施用量对拉萨达孜地区饲用黑麦(Secale cereale)生产性能和营养价值的影响,以‘冬牧70’饲用黑麦为研究材料,设置5个不同纯氮施氮水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^(−2),分别用N_(0)、N_(75)、N_(150)、N_(225)、N_(300)表示),连续两年测定饲草的株高、枝条数、鲜草产量、干草产量以及营养价值相关指标。结果表明,饲用黑麦的生产性能和营养价值在适宜氮肥施用量范围内显著提高(P<0.05)。氮肥施用量为225 kg·hm^(−2)下的饲用黑麦生产性能和营养价值最为优良,2020年和2021年饲草干草产量分别为9898.33和9390.14 kg·hm^(−2);饲草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、淀粉、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维等重要营养价值评价指标均随着氮肥施用量的增加得到改善。从饲草生产性能和营养价值综合考虑,试验区饲用黑麦种植建议氮肥施用量为225 kg·hm^(−2)。The effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on the production and nutritive value of forage rye in the Lhasa DagzêDistrict were investigated using‘Dongmu 70’forage rye(Secale cereale).Five pure nitrogen fertilizing levels(0,75,150,225 and 300 kg·ha^(−1),designated as N_(0),N_(75),N_(150),N_(225),and N_(300),respectively)were set up,and the plant height,number of branches,fresh yield,hay yield,and nutritive value of the forage rye were measured for two consecutive years.The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizers could significantly increase the production and nutritive value of the forage,the forage rye had the best performance with the 225 kg·ha^(−1)nitrogen treatment,and the dry yield can reach up to 9898.33 and 9390.14 kg·ha^(−1)in 2020 and 2021,respectively.The important nutritive value evaluation indexes,such as crude protein,ether extract,starch,neutral detergent fiber,and the acid detergent fiber of forage grass were improved with the increase in nitrogen levels.Thus,from the forage production and nutritional value considerations,the recommended nitrogen fertilizer levels for forage grass farmland in the Lhasa DagzêDistrict are 225 kg·ha^(−1).

关 键 词：西藏高原 饲草复种 施氮量 秋播黑麦 饲草产量 饲用价值 饲草品质 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]