土壤含水量对油橄榄品种生长和结实的影响  

Effects of Soil Moisture Content on Growth and Fruiting of Olea europaea Varieties

作　　者：子桂才 李庆华 丁德品 杨根林 关云琳 胡佳莫 杨志刚 ZI Gui-cai;LI Qing-hua;DING De-pin;YANG Gen-lin;GUAN Yun-lin;HU Jia-mo;YANG Zhi-gang(Forestry Research Institute of Lijiang,Lijiang 674100,China)

机构地区：[1]丽江市林业科学研究所,丽江674100

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2023年第2期24-30,共7页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目“金沙江干热河谷地区生态修复及油橄榄造林技术示范”(【2022】TG08号);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才及创新人才项目;丽江市中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才培养计划项目;丽江市兴丽青年人才支持计划项目。

摘　　要：【目的】分析土壤含水量对不同品种油橄榄生长和结实的影响,为油橄榄高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用2因素4区组设计,观测土壤和含水量对3个油橄榄品种(豆果(C1)、田园1号TIANYUAN-1(C2)和柯基(C3))生长、生理和结实特性的影响。【结果】相对含水量不同的土壤中,3个参试油橄榄品种的生长、生理和结果指标差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。多重比较结果表明,不同土壤含水量对油橄榄品种的平均须根数、平均地径、平均新梢长度、平均叶片相对含水量、平均鲜果相对含水量和平均单株鲜果产量的影响,各水平之间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),对平均单果重的影响各水平之间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明油橄榄的生长指标(须根数、地径、新梢长度)和结果指标(单株鲜果产量)受不同土壤含水量和油橄榄品种两个因素的影响,而单果鲜重不受土壤相对含水量的影响。4个处理中,3个油橄榄品种豆果、田园1号和柯基的生长指标(平均须根数、平均地径、平均新梢长度)、生理指标(平均叶片相对含水量、平均鲜果相对含水量)和结果指标(平均果径、平均鲜果百粒重、平均单株鲜果产量)增长值顺序均为A2>A4>A3>A1;土壤相对含水量为55%~60%(A2)时,油橄榄品种豆果、田园1号和柯基的生长、生理和结果指标显著高于土壤相对含水量75%~80%(A1)、40%~45%(A3)和30%~35%(A4)。另外,在相同含水量的土壤中,田园1号油橄榄品种根系生长更好,新梢萌发更强。【结论】油橄榄栽培及产业发展时,可在田间管理中选择55%~60%田间持水量控水灌溉,嫁接砧木选择时使用土壤适应性更强的田园1号品种。【Objective】The effects of soil moisture content on the growth and fruiting of Olea europaea were analyzed,which provided theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation of Olea europaea.【Method】The effects of soil and water content on the growth,physiology and fruit-bearing characteristics of three olive varieties(Arbeqina(C1)TIANYUAN-1(C2)and Koroneiki(C3))were studied two-factor and four-area design.【Result】The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth,physiology and results of the three olive varieties in different soil relative water content(P<0.01).The results of multiple comparisons showed that different soil water content had significant effects on the average number of roots,average ground diameter,average shoot length,average leaf relative water content,average fresh fruit relative water content and average fresh fruit yield per plant of olive varieties(P<0.05).There was no significant difference among different levels of influence on average fruit weight(P>0.05),indicating that the growth index(number of roots,ground diameter,length of new shoot)and outcome index(fresh fruit yield per plant)of olive were affected by different soil water content and different varieties of olive,while fresh fruit weight per fruit was not affected by soil relative water content.Among the four treatments,the growth values of the three varieties Arbeqina,TIANYUAN-1 and Koroneiki were in the order of A2>A4>A3>A1 in terms of growth indexes(average number of roots,average ground diameter,average shoot length)physiological indexes(average leaf relative water content,average fresh fruit relative water content)and outcome indexes(average fruit diameter,average fresh fruit 100 grain weight,average fresh fruit yield per plant).When the soil relative water content was 55%-60%(A2),the growth,physiological and fruit indexes of Arbeqina,TIANYUAN-1 and Koroneiki were significantly higher than the soil relative water content of 75%-80%(A1),40%-45%(A3)and 30%-35%(A4).In addition,in the soil with the s

关 键 词：油橄榄 土壤相对含水量 生长指标 生理指标 

分 类 号：S565.7[农业科学—作物学]