苦瓜皂苷对饲喂高糖饲料松浦镜鲤幼鱼生长、消化及肝脏健康的影响  

Effects of Bitter Melon Momordica charantia Saponins on Growth,Digestion and Hepatopancreas Health of Juvenile Songpu Mirror Carp(Cyprinus carpio Songpu)Fed High-carbohydrate Diets

作　　者：范泽 吴迪 李晨辉 李晋南[1] 刘庆武 王连生[1] FAN Ze;WU Di;LI Chenhui;LI Jinnan;LIU Qingwu;WANG Liansheng(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100141,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Shuangyashan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Shuangyashan 155100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江省水生动物病害与免疫重点试验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]农业农村部水产品质量安全控制重点实验室,北京100141 [3]黑龙江省双鸭山市农业技术推广总站,黑龙江双鸭山155100

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第3期29-37,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：黑龙江水产研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(HSY202111Q);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2022XT0402);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助;黑龙江水产研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(HSY202002M);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900200).

摘　　要：为探讨苦瓜皂苷对饲喂高糖饲料松浦镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio Songpu)幼鱼的生长、消化及肝脏健康的影响,随机选取450尾体质量(6.43±0.02)g的松浦镜鲤幼鱼饲养在室内500 L控温循环水族箱中,分别投喂蛋白30%、脂肪6%而含糖不同的6种饲料:含糖10%的饲料(对照组LC)和含30%饲料(高糖组HC)及含30%糖的高糖中添加100 mg/kg(MCS1)、400 mg/kg(MCS2)、1600 mg/kg(MCS3)及6400 mg/kg(MCS4)]苦瓜皂苷的饲料,在水温28℃~32℃下饲养8周。结果表明,MCS3组松浦镜鲤的终末体质量、特定生长率、饲料效率及摄食率显著高于HC组(P<0.05),且MCS3组的终末体质量和摄食率显著高于LC组(P<0.05)。MCS3组松浦镜鲤的蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于HC组和MCS4组(P<0.05),而其脂肪酶活性最低,显著低于HC组(P<0.05)。MCS3组肝脏的核因子E2相关因子2、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、锰超氧化物歧化酶及过氧化氢酶的表达量,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽、总抗氧化能力活性最高,显著高于HC组(P<0.05)。MCS3组Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1表达量和丙二醛含量最低,显著低于HC组(P<0.05);MCS3组中过氧化氢酶表达量显著高于LC组(P<0.05)。MCS3组改变了HC组的病理表现,肝细胞核更清晰,细胞界限明显且排列整齐,与LC组肝脏组织结构完整度相似,结构较清晰。综上所述,高糖饲料中苦瓜皂苷添加水平应在1600 mg/kg左右,当添加水平达到6400 mg/kg时,不利于松浦镜鲤幼鱼肠道消化及肝脏健康。A 8-week feeding trial was carried out to assess effects of saponins of bitter melon Momordica charantia(MCS)on growth,digestion and hepatopancreas health of Songpu mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio Songpu)fed high-carbohydrate diets.A total of 450 fish[average body weight of(6.43±0.02)g]were randomly allotted into eighteen 500 L circulating aquarium and fed six types of diets including control diet containing 10%of carbohydrate(LC),30%of carbohydrate diet(HC),and the HC diet supplemented with MCS levels of 100 mg/kg,400 mg/kg,1,600 mg/kg and 6,400 mg/kg at water temperature of 28℃~32℃.Results showed that there were significantly higher final body weight,specific growth rate,feed efficiency and feed intake rate in Songpu mirror carp in the MCS3 group than those in the HC group(P<0.05),meanwhile significantly higher final body weight and feed intake rate in the MCS3 group than those in the LC group(P<0.05).Songpu mirror carp in MCS3 group had significantly higher activities of protease and amylase that the Songpu mirror carp in the HC and MCS4 groups did(P<0.05),and significantly lower lipase activity in MCS3 group than the Songpu mirror carp in the HC group did(P<0.05).The gene expressions of nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2),copper and zinc superoxide dismutase(CuZnSOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD)and catalase(CAT),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),CAT,peroxidase(POD),glutathione(GSH),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in hepatopancreas were shown to be significantly enhanced by the MCS3 diets compared with the HC diets(P<0.05).There were significantly lower gene expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in Songpu mirror carp in the MCS group than those in the HC group(P<0.05),with significantly downregulated CAT gene expression in MCS3 than that in the LC group(P<0.05).The pathological characteristics were observed in the HC group and changes in MCS3 group including clearer hepatopancreas nucleus,and clear cell boundaries and neatly ar

关 键 词：苦瓜皂苷 高糖 松浦镜鲤幼鱼 消化 抗氧化 肝脏组织结构 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]