南四湖夏秋季鱼类群落结构特征研究  

Characteristics of Fish Community Structure of Summer and Autumn in Nansi Lake

作　　者：丛旭日 董贯仓 李秀启 客涵 王亚楠 孙鲁峰 马汝芳 王晴晴 CONG Xuri;DONG Guancang;LI Xiuqi;KE Han;WANG Yanan;SUN Lufeng;MA Rufang;WANG Qingqing(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Huang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic Breeding,Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淡水渔业研究院,山东省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室,农业农村部黄河下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,山东济南250013

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第3期60-67,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MC193);国家重点研发计划"蓝色粮仓科技创新"重点专项(2018YFD0900902);山东省农业农村厅渔业资源调查监测项目.

摘　　要：2020年7月和11月,在淮河流域的南四湖即南阳湖、独山湖、昭阳湖和微山湖(34°60'~35°14'N,116°68'~117°23'E)的上级湖(鲁桥)、湖中(二级坝)和下级湖(韩庄)设置3个采样点,用多网目复合刺网、地笼网、网箔、拦网采集鱼类样本,并定期走访采样点附近的渔船码头、跟随采样点附近的捕捞渔船等现场补充调查,分析和研究该水域鱼类群落的种类组成、生物量、优势种以及生物多样性,为填补南四湖鱼类研究的空白,完善南四湖生态保护内容和渔业持续发展提供基础数据。结果表明,夏秋季该水域共发现鱼类45种,隶属于7目14科34属,包括鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)等主要经济种类,鲫为绝对优势种,其他优势种类因网具选择性而差异较大。二级坝附近水域多样性指数最高,鲁桥次之,韩庄最低。区域因子多重比较结果显示,二级坝湖区多样性指数显著高于其他湖区(P<0.05)。各网具渔获物总量看,二级坝与其他2个湖区差异显著(P<0.05);韩庄和鲁桥差异不显著(P>0.05)。7月CPUE高于11月,差异不显著(P>0.05)。根据主要物种的生物量聚类,南四湖鱼类群落可划分为2组,A组群(二级坝调查点)、B组群(鲁桥、韩庄调查点),这二个组群的平均相似率较高,达77.13%,刀鲚的差异贡献率较高。The species composition,biomass,dominant species and biodiversity of the fish community were surveyed in the waters at 3 sampling sites in the upper lake(Luqiao),the middle lake(second-level dam)and the lower lake(Hanzhuang)in Nansi Lake,namely Nanyang Lake,Dushan Lake,Zhaoyang Lake and Weishan Lake(34°60'~35°14'N,116°68'~117°23'E)in the Huaihe River Basin in July and November 2020 by multi-mesh composite gillnets,ground cage nets,and traps collect fish samples,and regularly visiting fishing boat docks near the sampling sites,and other on-site supplementary investigations in order to fill the blank of fish research in Nansihu Lake,improve the ecological protection content,and provide basic data related to sustainable development of fishery.The results showed that a total of 45 species were collected and identified,belonging to 7 orders,14 families,34 genera,including the main economically important species silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis,crucian carp Carassius auratus,common carp Cyprinus carpio,tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus and topmouth culter Culter alburnus.The dominant species were varied with different netting gear,with absolute dominant species crucian carp in two sample surveys.The maximal diversity index was observed in the Erjiba area,followed by Luqiao and Hanzhuang.The multiple comparison of regional factors showed that there was significantly higher diversity index in the Erjiba area than that in other area of the lake(P<0.05).There was significant difference in CPUE between the Erjiba area and the other two areas(P<0.05),without significant difference between Hanzhuang and Luqiao(P>0.05).Seasonally,the CPUE was higher in July than that in November,without significant difference(P>0.05).The biomass clustering of the main species revealed that the fish community in Nansi Lake was divided into two groups,group A(the survey site of the Erjiba)and group B(the survey site of Luqiao and Hanzhuang),with average similarity rate of as high as 77.13%in the two grou

关 键 词：南四湖 群落结构 聚类分析 多样性 优势种 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]