东方红水库浮游植物群落特征及与主要环境因子的关系  

Relationship Between Phytoplankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Dongfanghong Reservoir

作　　者：刘斐 王新月 葛建民 訾方泽 王程欣 宋勇[1] LIU Fei;WANG Xinyue;GE Jianmin;ZI Fangze;WANG Chengxin;SONG Yong(College of Animal Science and Technology/Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院/塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第3期82-88,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360635);农业财政专项"西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查".

摘　　要：于2019—2020年于春(3~5月)、夏(7~8月)和秋(9~10月)在新疆西南部叶尔羌河中下游(库容约1.05×107 m3)的东方红水库14个采样点开展15次调查,测定浮游植群落组成及水体理化指标,以探究东方红水库浮游植物群落结构特征与环境因子的关系。结果表明,在东方红水库共鉴定出浮游植物8门23目39科78属,其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyt)种类最多,为11科27属53种,占总物种数的41.08%;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)次之,为13科27属39种,占总数的30.23%。东方红水库中排名前三位的浮游植物优势种为硅藻门(Bacillariophyt)中的短小曲壳藻(Achnanthes exigua)、谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea)以及具星小环藻(Cyclotella stelligera)。浮游植物平均丰度为0.09×10^(5) cells/L,平均生物量为0.15 mg/L。多样性指数H'为2.875;丰富度指数D为2.84;均匀度指数J'为0.592。多样性指数评价标准表明:东方红水库水质处于寡污状态。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)表明:温度、总氮和总磷含量是影响东方红水库浮游植物群落结构分布的主要环境因子。本研究通过定性及定量分析评价了东方红水库水体生态系统健康现状,为丰富叶尔羌河流域水生生物多样性提供了资料。The composition of phytoplankton community and the physical and chemical indicators of water body were determined at 14 sampling sites in the Dongfanghong Reservoir(with a storage capacity of about 1.05×107 m3)in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkand River in southwestern Xinjiangin the spring(March~May)in summer(July~August)and autumn(September~October)of 2019-2020 for 15 surveys to explore the relationship between phytoplankton community structure characteristics and environmental factors in Dongfanghong Reservoir through phytoplankton biomass and abundance,phytoplankton diversity index and Redundancy analysis(RDA).The results showed that a total of 78 genera of phytoplankton from 8 phyla and 23 orders and 39 families were identified,with the most species(53)in 11 families and 27 genera in Bacillariophyta,accounting for 41.08%of the total number of species,followed by Chlorophyta(39),with 13 families and 27 genera,accounting for 30.23%of the total.The top three dominant phytoplankton species were Achnanthes exigua and Nitzschia palea in Bacillariophyta and Cyclotella stelligera in Chlorophyta,with the average phytoplankton abundance of 0.09×10^(5) cells/L and the average biomass of 0.15 mg/L,indices of diversity(H')of 2.875,richness(D)indices of 2.84,and evenness(J')indices of 0.592,indicating that the Dongfanghong Reservoir was under the oligotrophic level.The Redundancy analysis revealed that water temperature,and concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton community structure in Dongfanghong Reservoir.The present study evaluated the health status of the water ecosystem through scientific normative analysis,which can provide data support for understanding of the ecosystem integrity in Dongfanghong Reservoir,and scientific basis for ecological protection in the Yarkand River Basin.

关 键 词：东方红水库 浮游植物 群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q178.513[生物学—水生生物学]