某铀尾矿库周边水体金属的来源解析及健康风险评价  

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Water Surrounding a Uranium Tailings Reservoir

作　　者：翁兴潘 刘媛媛[1,2] 高柏[2] 陈功新[2] 文琪 WENG Xing-pan;LIU Yuan-yuan;GAO Bai;CHEN Gong-xin;WEN Qi(Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Faculty of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2023年第7期99-109,共11页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室开放基金(2020RGET08);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42272301)。

摘　　要：选取我国南方某铀尾矿库周边水体为研究对象,分析周边水体中金属的浓度及分布特征,运用多元统计学方法对金属来源进行解析,并采用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对人体可能造成的健康风险进行评价。结果表明,Fe、Mn、Al、Sb、Mo浓度均值均高于《地表水质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)规定的Ⅲ类标准限值,超标率分别达到50.0%、85.7%、85.7%、64.3%、78.6%,其中Mo浓度的最大值和均值分别是标准限值的145.7和26.9倍。U和Th浓度的最大值和平均值均高于放射性核素排放限值,说明该区域内受铀尾矿库的影响,周围水体及河流均受到了金属污染。相关分析发现,Pb、Mn、Al、Cu有相同的来源和地球化学特征,分布特征相似。As、Mo是铀尾矿库区核素U主要的伴生重金属,其分布受尾矿库影响明显。As与铀伴生富集且共同迁移,其对水中铀浓度的分布有一定的指示意义。对主成分分析发现,第一主成分元素Fe、Mn、Al、Cu、Pb、Ni主要受地质环境和成土过程影响,第二主成分元素Cr、As、U、Mo为主要受到铀尾矿库活动的影响控制。健康风险评价结果表明,儿童和成人的总健康风险均低于ICRP和USEPA推荐的最大可接受水平,经饮水途径引起的健康风险比皮肤接触途径高2~3个数量级,儿童健康总风险大于成人。致癌性金属元素的健康总风险水平远高于非致癌性金属元素,风险值相差3~4个数量级,放射性核素所致不同群体(儿童和成人)平均致癌风险处于10^(-6)~10^(-4) a^(-1),说明该铀尾矿库周边水体对人体存在潜在的致癌风险。The pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals in the water body near a uranium tailing reservoir in Southern China were investigated to determine the spatial distribution and characterization of metals.Multivariate statistical methods were employed to investigate the metal sources.Health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to assess the possible health risks caused by those metals.The results show that the average concentration of Fe,Mn,Al,Sb and Mo is higher than the ClassⅢwater quality standard limit specified in the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water(GB 3838—2002),and the exceeding rate is 50.0%,85.7%,85.7%,64.2%and 78.6%,respectively.The maximum and average concentrations of Mo are 145.7 and 26.9 times of the standard limits.The maximum and average concentrations of U and Th are higher than the emission limits of radionuclides,indicating that the surrounding water bodies and rivers are polluted by metals due to the uranium tailings ponds.According to the relevant analysis,Pb,Mn,Al and Cu have the same source and geochemical characteristics,and exhibit similar distribution characteristics.As and Mo are the main associated heavy metals of nuclide U in uranium tailings reservoir area,and their distributions are obviously affected by tailings reservoir.As is associated with uranium enrichment and mobilization,suggesting that the distribution and concentration of As has an indication significance of uranium level in the water body.The principal component analysis demonstrates that the first principal component elements,Fe,Mn,Al,Cu,Pb and Ni,are mainly affected by the geological environment and soil-forming process,and the second principal components,Cr,As,U and Mo,are mainly controlled by the activities of uranium tailings ponds.The health risk assessment indicates that both the total health risk of children and adults are lower than the maximum acceptable level recommended by ICRP and USEPA.The health risk of

关 键 词：铀尾矿库 水体 金属元素 来源解析 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]