集聚外部性、企业动态演化与县域农产品加工业全要素生产率增长  

Agglomeration externalities,dynamic firm evolution,and total factor productivity growth in the county agricultural processing industry

作　　者：曾光[1] 张拓 聂鑫[1] ZENG Guang;ZHANG Tuo;NIE Xin(College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2023年第2期28-41,共14页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY058);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662023YJ027)。

摘　　要：农产品加工业集聚与区域经济增长的文献大多聚焦于集聚外部性的静态经济效应。从企业动态演化和县域全要素生产率(TFP)增长分解的视角,将县域经济社会指标与微观企业数据进行贯序匹配,检验集聚外部性对TFP增长的影响,并采用动态Olley⁃Pakes(DOP)框架对企业演化效应贡献进行分解,考察不同类型集聚外部性提升县域TFP的作用机制。研究发现:农产品加工业集聚外部性通过促进企业动态演化,显著地影响县域TFP增长;专业化外部性在阻碍高效率企业进入的同时,也会加速低效率企业退出,并显著促进在位企业的自身成长和资源配置水平提高,整体显著提升了县域农产品加工业TFP;多样化外部性会显著加速低效率企业退出,并通过促进在位企业自身成长而提升县域TFP,但“挤出效应”使得在位企业资源再配置效率不高,加之高效率企业进入效应不显著,因此多样化外部性整体抑制了县域TFP增长,但未能通过显著性检验;尽管竞争外部性能够激励高效率企业进入并淘汰低效率企业,但行业内企业间的价格战以及在与其他行业资源再配置竞争中处于劣势等因素,阻碍了在位企业的自身成长并降低了资源再配置效率,因此竞争外部性对县域TFP整体表现出显著的负向影响。未来,针对中国县域农产品加工业,政府一方面要继续发挥专业化外部性对TFP的促进作用,从政策上引导企业向产地和县域产业园区集聚,实现规模化、集约化、集群化转型升级。另一方面,要充分发挥竞争外部性对企业动态演化的作用机制,引导和激励企业进行技术创新,以技术效率提高竞争优势。Most of the literature on the agglomeration of agro⁃processing industry and regional economic growth focuses on the static economic effects of agglomeration externalities.From the perspectives of enterprise dynamic evolution and the decomposition of county total factor productivity(TFP)growth,we match county economic and social indicators with micro⁃enterprise data in a through⁃order manner to examine the impact of agglomeration externalities on TFP growth;moreover,we adopt the dynamic Olley⁃Pakes(DOP)framework to decompose the contribution of enterprise evolution effects and study the mechanism underlying the role of different types of agglomeration externalities in enhancing county TFP.In doing so,we find the following:agglomeration externalities in the agricultural processing industry significantly affect county TFP growth by promoting the dynamic evolution of firms;specialization externalities impede the entry of high⁃efficiency firms while accelerating the exit of inefficient firms as well as significantly improving the incumbent firms'own growth and resource allocation levels,thus enhancing county TFP in the agricultural processing industry overall;and diversification externalities significantly accelerate the exit of inefficient firms,although the“crowding⁃out effect”makes the resource reallocation of incumbent enterprises inefficient,and the entry effect of high⁃efficiency enterprises is not significant,so the diversification externality inhibits the growth of TFP in the county as a whole but fails the significance test.While competitive externalities can prompt high⁃efficiency enterprises to eliminate low⁃efficiency enterprises,price wars among enterprises in the industry and the disadvantage of competition with other industries in resource reallocation hinder the growth of incumbent enterprises and reduce resource reallocation efficiency,thus causing a significant negative impact on county TFP as a whole.In the future,for China's county agricultural processing industry,on the one h

关 键 词：农产品加工业 集聚外部性 企业动态演化 动态Olley⁃Pakes方法 TFP增长 成长效应 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]