政府犯罪预防政策主导的社区环境安全规划设计经验及启示  

Crime Prevention Through Safety Planning Based on Government Strategies:Experience and Practice

作　　者：黄邓楷 赖文波[2] HUANG Dengkai;LAI Wenbo

机构地区：[1]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]华南理工大学建筑学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第3期54-59,共6页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：2022年广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010560);深圳市哲学社会科学规划课题(SZ2023C014)。

摘　　要：环境安全规划设计无疑是舒缓城市治安管理压力的有效途径,然而我国城市建设对安全规划设计的关注较少。通过对国际基于政府犯罪预防策略主导的社区环境安全规划设计经验的剖析,提炼不同国家应用安全规划策略的共性特点。从犯罪预防法规政策、国家预防犯罪委员会的统筹作用、城市规划部门职能、公众参与设计4个方面,梳理并介绍北美、英国、北欧、东亚等多个国家和地区环境安全规划设计实践的经验,以期为我国城市规划设计预防犯罪工作提供有益参考借鉴。针对我国层级式公共安全管理的效能衰减和损耗问题,本研究拟从制定多层级的犯罪预防法规政策、建立国家预防犯罪委员会、确定城市规划部门的预防犯罪职能、提倡多方合作和公众参与4个方面,总结国际经验对我国环境安全规划设计实践的有益启示和借鉴。Environmental safety planning and design is undoubtedly an effective way to relieve the pressure of urban security management,yet less attention has been paid to safety planning and design in China’s urban construction.By analyzing the international experience of community environmental safety planning and design based on government crime prevention strategies,the common features of safety planning strategies applied in different countries are extracted.This paper attempts to sort out the experience of international environmental safety planning and design practice from four aspects,including crime prevention legislation and policy,the headquarters role of the National Crime Prevention Council,the role of urban planning on crime prevention,and public participation in design.This paper also provides useful reference for the crime prevention practice of urban planning and design in China.Firstly,in view of the obvious differences in economic,social and spatial structures between urban and rural areas in China,the multi-level crime prevention regulations and policies of European and American countries have a strong significance for China’s environmental safety planning and design practices.A top-down regulatory policy is conducive to determining the strategic direction of crime prevention in line with China’s national conditions and formulating basic national crime prevention guidelines,while promoting communication and cooperation among cities,counties,townships,community neighborhood committees,and village committees at multiple levels,thereby providing support for the development and implementation of specific local crime prevention strategies.In addition,multi-level regulations and policies should not be limited to the spatial level of safety planning and design,but should also involve social security management,community policing,public participation,and other elements that affect the implementation of specific crime prevention strategies.Secondly,to address the problem of decay and attrition in the effec

关 键 词：安全规划设计 预防犯罪 政府主导 CPTED 公众参与 经验借鉴 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]