操纵体育比赛行为犯罪化的进路证成与规范构建  

Approach to Criminalization and Construction of Norms of Manipulating Sports Competitions

作　　者：张成烨 ZHANG Chengye(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Politic Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《湖北体育科技》2023年第6期497-503,552,共8页Hubei Sports Science

摘　　要：现行刑法在体育公平保障上呈现出单边规制兴奋剂犯罪的模式,操纵比赛行为规制缺失,导致实践中操纵比赛行为频发。在体育协会实质化改革和积极刑法观的宏观背景下,增设操纵比赛罪具有现实可能;法益理论、教义学方法和社会学理论均表明体育公平法益具备独立性;在综合考量司法实践需求和体育自治价值基础上,应确定操纵比赛罪的抽象危险犯性质,从而弥补传统路径在探知行为人主观目的、说明因果关系以及取证方面的不力;构成要件方面,操纵比赛罪的主体要件宜限于赛事相关者这一特殊主体,行为应当包括作为和不作为,比赛范围限制于省级以上主体主办赛事,并增设情节严重的要件;操纵比赛罪的主刑应设置为1年以下有期、拘役、管制和1年以上5年以下有期徒刑两档,尽可能增加缓刑的适用可能。The criminal law presents a unilateral regulation model for doping crimes in sports fairness protection,and the lack of regulation for game manipulation leads to frequent manipulation behavior in practice.In the macro background of substantive reform of sports associations and a positive criminal law perspective,it is possible to add the crime of manipulating competitions.The theory of legal interests,the dogmatics and sociological theory all indicate the independence of sports equity.Based on a comprehensive consideration of the needs of judicial practice and the value of sports autonomy,the abstract potential damage offence nature of the crime of manipulating matches as a dangerous offense should be determined,in order to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional approaches in exploring the subjective purpose of the perpetrator,explaining causal relationships,and obtaining evidence.The agent element of the competition manipulation should be limited to the special subject of the event stakeholders,and the behavior should include both actions and omissions.The scope of the competition should be limited to competitions held by subjects at or above the provincial level,and serious elements should be added.The main punishment for the crime of manipulating matches should be set to two level:fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year,detention,public surveillance,and fixed-term imprisonment of not less than one year but not more than five years,with the possibility of probation being increased as much as possible.

关 键 词：体育公平 操纵比赛 积极刑法观 抽象危险犯 

分 类 号：G803[文化科学—运动人体科学]