方位名词“下面”的语义演变及其韵律变化  

The Semantic Evolution and Prosodic Changes of the Locative Noun Xiamian(下面)

作　　者：孙少波 姚双云[1] SUN Shaobo;YAO Shuangyun(Research Center for Language and Language Education,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第3期399-414,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“位置敏感语法:基于汉语口语中的连词研究”(18AYY021)的资助。

摘　　要：本文考察了方位名词“下面”的语义演变过程,分析了其在自然口语中不同语义条件下的韵律表现,并探讨了二者的关系。研究表明,“下面”在语义演变中,既有真值义用法,也有非真值义用法。其不同真值义用法是借助隐喻完成演变的,而非真值义用法则是在一定的语用条件下浮现出来的。在自然口语中,“下面”的语义演变和韵律变化并不总是一致的,随着语义的弱化,其韵律在不同声学参数上既表现出语音弱化,又表现出语音强化,韵律的选择主要还是由特定的话语功能和语用环境所决定的。本文还指出,将韵律纳入语法化研究,有助于更清晰地判断词汇语义演变的程度,特别是为鉴定新兴功能提供辅助标准。This paper explores the semantic evolution of the locative noun xiamian(下面),its prosodic representation under different semantic conditions in Chinese conversation,and the relationship between them.Studies have shown that xiamian has experienced two different evolution paths:“spatial meaningtime meaningprocedural meaning 1procedural meaning 2”and“spatial meaningrelational meaning”.In the semantic evolution of xiamian,there are both truth value usages and non-truth value usages.This noun evolves through metaphor among different uses of truth value,while the non-truth value usages emerge under certain pragmatic conditions.Semantic evolution is often accompanied by the change of prosodic features.So far,scholars mainly hold two views on the relationship between semantic evolution and phonetic changes:first,semantic weakening is often accompanied by phonetic weakening,which is supported by most scholars;second,semantic weakening is not necessarily accompanied by the weakening of phonetic features.On the contrary,some weakened items(such as discourse markers)exhibit phonetic strengthening,which is often followed by pauses.The research on xiamian shows that the relationship between semantic evolution and prosodic changes is complicated.With the weakening of semantics,it shows both prosodic weakening and prosodic strengthening in different acoustic parameters:the average pitch and average intensity gradually decrease with the weakening of semantics,that is,prosodic weakening occurs;with semantic weakening,the duration and pause duration gradually become longer,that is,prosodic strengthening occurs.In other words,the prosodic pattern of semantic evolution is not unique.The choice of prosody,such as pitch,intensity,duration and pause,is not only constrained by the semantic meaning of the word itself,but also determined by the specific discourse function and pragmatic environment.This article also points out that the inclusion of prosody in the study of grammaticalization can help judge the degree of semantic e

关 键 词：自然口语 “下面” 语义演变 韵律变化 语用功能 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]