平流层飞艇激光风速仪的设计和分析  

Design and analysis of laser wind velocimetry for stratospheric airships

作　　者：杨靖 韩於利[1,2,3] 薛向辉[1,2,3] 陈廷娣 赵一鸣[4] 孙东松 Yang Jing;Han Yuli;Xue Xianghui;Chen Tingdi;Zhao Yiming;Sun Dongsong(School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230026,China;Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research Station,Bozhou 233527,China;Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国科学院近地空间环境重点实验室,安徽合肥230026 [3]安徽蒙城地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站,安徽亳州233527 [4]北京遥测技术研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2023年第5期143-154,共12页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41774193)。

摘　　要：准确的风场数据对于平流层飞艇实现长时间驻空任务有着重要的安全保障作用。针对20 km高度处空气稀薄的特点,为实现平流层飞艇航行环境的风场探测需求,设计了波长为532 nm的直接探测多普勒光纤激光风速仪。使用双通道法布里-珀罗标准具为鉴频器和波长可调谐的脉冲光纤激光器,完成了系统的结构设计。系统参考了相干测风激光雷达的光路设计,采用收发合置的望远镜设计方案,无探测盲区,接收视场角较小,提高了全天探测的性能。利用液晶相位延迟器的光束偏振特性可实现光路探测方向的控制。以最小的风速探测误差为标准,通过仿真分析选取了法布里-珀罗标准具的各项参数,并对系统的风场探测性能进行了分析。仿真过程中,激光器的平均功率为500 mW,积分时间为10 s,距离分辨率为100 m,分析结果表明,风速误差在500 m探测距离内小于1 m/s,计算得出的风向误差在风速大于10 m/s的情况下,其风向精度优于5°。Objective The wind field is one of the most critical impacts in the specifying stratospheric airships and plays a practical fundamental role in flying safety.The airship has attracted increasing interest and made it a tremendous potential of long-time fix-station residence missions at nearly the altitude range of the stratosphere bottom 18-22 km.Its integrating superiority,such as broad covering,and large load capacity,has been proven as effective and powerful operational buoyant platform to contribute to more accurate remote sensing of environment monitoring,resource exploration,and meteorological research.Due to the Earth’s periodic rotation,there is an extremely strong west wind region in low stratosphere while the wind speed changes along with the season,the latitude and longitude,and the height.The key challenges for applying a wind measurement system in the low stratosphere(20 km),which has significant differences from the terrestrial environment,are the low densities and the low pressures at the working height of the high-altitude airship.This represents a precise measurement that is essential to detect the atmosphere parameters of wind.For this purpose,a laser wind velocimetry system for the stratospheric airship is proposed.Methods A compact laser anemometer is designed using dual-channel Fabry-Perot etalon to analyze Doppler shift due to high-speed thermal motion at molecular scale.Atmospheric molecular scattering mainly consists of a strong Rayleigh-Brillouin spectrum(Fig.1).The system generally consists of four major subsystems,which are the 532 nm fiber pulsed laser transmitter subsystem,the telescope subsystem,a photocounting detection(PD)subsystem and computer controlling subsystem(Fig.5).The liquid crystal phase variable retarder(LCVR)is chosen to be a controller between two lines-of sight(LOS)for the successive horizontal speed estimates with a novel non-mechanical structure in the detection.The radial wind velocity can be uniquely determined by measuring the ratio of the two channel edge signa

关 键 词：平流层飞艇 激光风速仪 法布里-珀罗标准具 液晶相位延迟器 

分 类 号：TN958[电子电信—信号与信息处理]