独头隧道火灾全尺寸实验研究  

Full-scale experimental study on single-end tunnel fires

作　　者：岳顺禹 龙增 仇培云 钟茂华 华福才[4] YUE Shunyu;LONG Zeng;QIU Peiyun;ZHONG Maohua;HUA Fucai(Institute of Public Safety Research,Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Guangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510330,China;Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University-Beijing Urban Construction Design&Development Group Co.,Ltd.Joint Research Center for Urban Disaster Prevention and Safety,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Urban Construction Design&Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,公共安全研究院,北京100084 [2]广州地铁集团有限公司,广州510330 [3]清华大学(工物系)-北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司城市防灾与安全联合研究中心,北京100084 [4]北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司,北京100037

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期917-925,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：应急管理部消防救援局科技计划项目(2021XFZD02);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51906123);国家自然科学基金重大项目(72091512)。

摘　　要：随着中国地下空间工程建设速度加快,在施工过程中存在的独头隧道数量逐年增加。为研究地铁施工阶段形成的独头隧道中发生火灾时的烟气蔓延特性,在某地铁隧道施工区间开展全尺寸现场火灾实验,通过分析隧道整体温度分布、风速分布、烟气层高度等参数并结合现场观测,研究烟气在独头隧道内的扩散和沉降规律。结果表明:在自然通风条件下,烟气向隧道封闭端方向扩散速度慢于向连通端方向扩散速度,扩散速度差异随火源距封闭端距离增加而减少。连通端方向的顶棚烟气温度衰减速率慢于封闭端。烟气在连通端的分布基本符合指数衰减模型,而在封闭端产生明显的蓄积现象,形成一段烟气层高度低至1.5 m以下的危险区间,为烟气控制和火灾应急中的重点区域。[Objective]Considering the advancement in underground space construction in China,the number of single-end tunnels during the construction process has increased annually.To study the smoke-spreading characteristics of fires occurring in single-end tunnels formed during subway construction,a full-scale experiment was performed in the construction section of a subway tunnel.[Methods]The diffusion and settlement laws of smoke in a single-end tunnel were studied through the analysis of the overall temperature distribution,wind speed distribution,smoke layer height,and other tunnel parameters with on-site observation combined.[Results]The results indicate that under natural ventilation,the diffusion velocity of smoke is slower toward the closed end than toward the through end;moreover,the velocity difference decreases with increasing distance between the ignition source and the closed end.[Conclusions]The decay rate of ceiling flue gas temperature is slower toward the through end than toward the closed end.The distribution of flue gas at the connected end conforms to the classical model with the exponential decay distritution,while the closed end has a clear accumulation effect,forming a dangerous section.The height of the flue gas layer at the closed end is as low as 1.5 m,which is the key aspect for consideration in flue gas control and fire emergencies.

关 键 词：火灾 全尺寸实验 烟气扩散 独头隧道 

分 类 号：U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]