超级耐力运动的运动生理生化特征  

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Ultra-endurance Exercise

作　　者：向芸萩 梁斌[2] XIANG Yunqiu;LIANG Bin(School of Physical Education,Chongqing Preschool Education College,Chongqing 404047,China;School of Physical Education,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆幼儿师范高等专科学校体育学院,重庆404047 [2]重庆工商大学体育学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2023年第4期88-96,共9页Journal of Hebei Sport University

摘　　要：运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从概念界定、负荷量化、能量消耗、底物氧化和营养补给等方面对超级耐力运动的生理生化特征展开研究。超级耐力运动为持续时间超过6 h的单日、多日、单站、多站赛运动,学界对其与一般耐力运动负荷特点对比分析后提出超耐阈概念,并采用ECOs方法对超级耐力运动负荷进行量化。超级耐力运动会产生巨大的能量消耗,能量不足成为该运动的限制性核心问题。在训练过程中,可通过低碳水高脂肪或生酮饮食结构实现“生酮适应”,或在比赛前期采用“脂肪负荷”方法以提高脂肪氧化率,使参与者在强度不变的前提下,让脂肪提供大量能量。建议根据超级耐力运动不同项目的特点,制定不同的运动强度监控和营养补充方案以提高运动成绩。By using the methods of literature and logical analysis,this paper studies the physiological and biochemical characteristics of ultra-endurance exercise from the aspects of concept definition,load quantification,energy consumption,substrate oxidation and nutritional supply.Ultra-endurance exercise is a single-day,multi-day,single-station and multi-stage events lasting more than 6 hours.After comparing and analyzing its characteristics with general endurance exercise load,the concept of ultra-endurance threshold is proposed,and the ECOs method is used to quantify the super endurance exercise load.ultra-endurance exercise will produce huge energy consumption,and energy shortage has become the restrictive core problem of this exercise.In the training process,“ketogenic adaptation”can be achieved by low-carbon-high-fat or ketogenic diet structure,or“fat loading”method can be used in the pre-competition period to increase the fat oxidation rate,so that participants can provide a large amount of energy from fat under the premise of constant intensity.It is suggested that different exercise intensity monitoring and nutritional supplement programs should be formulated according to the characteristics of different items of ultra-endurance exercise sports to improve sports performance.

关 键 词：超级耐力运动 超耐阈 负荷量化 能量代谢 生酮适应 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]