化肥减量条件下秸秆还田配施腐植酸对白浆土酶活性及养分转化与吸收的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Humic Acid on Enzyme Activity,Conversion and Absorption of Nutrients in Albic Soil under Fertilizer Reduction Condition

作　　者：郭伟[1,2] 邢力文 马传芳 孙海燕 Guo Wei;Xing Liwen;Ma Chuanfang;Sun Haiyan(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第6期119-128,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20B102-02);黑龙江八一农垦大学基础培育课题(ZRCPY202101)。

摘　　要：秸秆还田作为白浆土改良利用的重要方式,在我国东北黑土区应用广泛,但北方寒冷气候下秸秆腐解速度缓慢,导致短期内耕层土壤速效养分供应不足,化肥施用量居高不下,限制了化肥减施技术的推广应用。本试验在化肥常规用量减少15%条件下,进行腐植酸、玉米秸秆还田及其配施腐植酸处理,对比研究盆栽条件下秸秆和腐植酸对白浆土酶活性、速效养分转化与吸收的影响,以及腐植酸对秸秆腐解率与玉米干物质积累的作用。结果表明:2019年和2020年试验中玉米抽雄期、成熟期,秸秆还田配施腐植酸处理土壤脲酶活性较化肥常量对照分别显著提高78.7%、64.3%和119.0%、133.8%,土壤速效钾含量显著提高;而秸秆还田处理土壤酸性磷酸酶活性较化肥常量对照分别显著提高56.2%、36.0%和23.4%、30.7%,土壤蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高97.1%、9.9%和54.6%、22.8%;腐植酸处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性较化肥常量对照分别显著增加23.7%、20.2%和18.1%、43.2%。成熟期,腐植酸处理2019、2020年玉米植株干物质重分别显著增加81.2%和28.4%。化肥减量15%条件下秸秆还田3750.0 kg/hm^(2)配施625.0 kg/hm^(2)腐植酸,2019年和2020年的秸秆腐解率分别由75.9%和45.6%提高到83.3%和55.2%,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率均有增加,可保持不低于化肥常规用量的养分供应能力,这对于稳定玉米产量同步培育耕层土壤具有重要意义。As an important way to improve and utilize albic soil,straw returning is black soil region of the Northeast China.However,the slow decomposition rate of straw in cold climate in the North resulted in insufficient available nutrient supply in topsoil in short term and high application amount of fertilizer,which limited the popularization and application of fertilizer reduction technology.In this pot experi-ment,under the condition of reducing the conventional amount of chemical fertilizer by 15%,the treatments were set as maize straw returning(FS),humic acid(FH)and their combined application(FSH)to study their effects on the enzyme activity,conversion and absorption of available nutrients in albic soil,as well as the effect of humic acid on straw decomposition rate and dry matter accumulation of maize.The results were as fol-lows.In 2019 and 2020,compared with the conventional fertilization control(CF),the urease activity of soil was significantly increased by 78.7%,64.3%and 119.0%,133.8%,respectively under FSH treatment at tas-seling and mature stage,and the soil available potassium content also increased significantly,the soil acid phosphatase activity under FS treatment was significantly increased by 56.2%,36.0%and 23.4%,30.7%,re-spectively,and the soil sucrose activity was significantly increased by 97.1%,9.9%and 54.6%,22.8%,re-spectively;the soil catalase activity under FH treatment was significantly increased by 23.7%,20.2%and 18.1%,43.2%,respectively.The dry matter weight of maize plants at mature stage in 2019 and 2020 under FH treatment increased significantly by 81.2%and 28.4%,respectively.Under the conditions of 15%fertilizer reduction with straw returning at 3750.0 kg/hm^(2) combined with 625.0 kg/hm^(2) humic acid increased the straw decomposition rate from 75.9%and 45.6%to 83.3%and 55.2%in 2019 and 2020,respectively,and the ag-ronomic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased.This fertilization mode could maintain the nutrient supply capacity not less than that of CF,which

关 键 词：玉米 白浆土 土壤酶活 速效养分 秸秆还田 腐植酸 

分 类 号：S155.26[农业科学—土壤学] S147.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]