烟秆生物质炭基肥对连作烤烟生长及质量的影响  

Effects of Tobacco Stem Biochar-Based Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Continuous Cropping Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：陈燕 王铎 李杰[2] 王戈[1] 王娜[1] 周鹏 杜宇 王兴松 方远鹏 陈贵云 白羽祥 Chen Yan;Wang Duo;Li Jie;Wang Ge;Wang Na;Zhou Peng;Du Yu;Wang Xingsong;Fang Yuanpeng;Chen Guiyun;Bai Yuxiang(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第6期129-135,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860357,32160517);云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(云烟科[2019]94号)。

摘　　要：研究烟秆生物质炭基肥对连作烤烟生长及产质量的影响,进一步明确烟秆生物质炭基肥最佳施用量,为今后科学利用烟秆生物质炭基肥缓解连作障碍提供理论依据。本研究采用大田试验法,以不施烟秆生物质炭基肥为对照(CK),设置3个烟秆生物质炭基肥用量处理,分别为300 g/株(T1)、500 g/株(T2)、600 g/株(T3),调查分析不同处理下烤烟生育期、农艺性状、常见病害发生情况及烤后烟叶化学成分。结果表明:施用烟秆生物质炭基肥可延长烤烟生育期,尤其在团棵期和现蕾期表现较为明显,T3处理生育期最长;其对烤烟株高、茎围、最大叶长叶宽均有显著促进作用,对烤烟有效叶片数影响不大。施用烟秆生物质炭基肥还对烟草花叶病和黑胫病产生抑制作用,显著降低这两种病害的发病率,以T2处理抑制效果最佳。在烤后烟叶外观质量方面,对照身份稍薄、油分欠佳,而施用烟秆生物质炭基肥可使烟叶组织明显疏松有弹性、油分足,外观质量分值高,其中T2处理总评分最高。在烤后烟叶化学成分方面,施用该炭基肥可提高烟叶的总氮、总糖、钾、还原糖含量和糖碱比值,使烟叶化学成分协调,以T2处理效果最佳。随该炭基肥施用量增加,烤后烟叶产量、产值及中上等烟比例呈先上升后下降趋势,T2处理产值增幅可达34.77%。综上,本试验条件下,烟秆生物质炭基肥可促进连作烤烟生长,降低烟草花叶病和黑胫病发病率,提高烤后烟叶外观质量、产量及化学成分协调性,整体以500 g/株用量效果最佳。The effects of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer on the growth,yield and quality of contin-uous cropping flue-cured tobacco were studied in this experiment to determine the optimal application amount of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific use of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles in the future.In this study,the field test method was adopted and without tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer was used as control(CK).Three appli-cation rates of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer were set,which were 300 g/plant(T1),500 g/plant(T2)and 600 g/plant(T3).The growth period,agronomic characters,occurrence status of common diseases and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the growth period of flue-cured tobacco could be prolonged by applying tobacco stem bio-char-based fertilizer,especially at clumping and budding stages,and the growth period was the longest under T3 treatment.The biochar-based fertilizer significantly promoted the plant height,stem circumference,maxi-mum leaf length and width of flue-cured tobacco,but had little effect on the effective leaf number.The appli-cation of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer could inhibit tobacco mosaic and black shank diseases by signifi-cantly reducing the incidence rate,and T2 treatment had the best inhibition effect.In terms of the appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,it was slightly thin and had poor oil content under CK treatment,while the application of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer treatment could obviously make the tobacco leave tis-sues become loose and elastic with sufficient oil content and high appearance quality score,among which,the highest total score could obtained under T2 treatment.The contents of total nitrogen,total sugar,potassium,reducing sugar and sugar-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves were increased by applying the biochar-based fertiliz

关 键 词：烟秆生物质炭基肥 烤烟 连作障碍 农艺性状 产质量 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业] S147.4[农业科学—作物学]