基于有限元和烟花算法改进BP网络的核用锆合金管材轧制损伤预测  

Damage Prediction of Zircaloy Tubes in the Pilger Rolling Based on FEA and Improved BP Neural Network with Fireworks Algorithm

作　　者：储林华 张书彦 卫新民[2] 吴桂毅 CHU Linhua;ZHANG Shuyan;WEI Xinmin;WU Guiyi(Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials,Dongguan 523808,Guangdong,China;State Nuclear Bao Ti Zirconium Industry Company,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞材料基因高等理工研究院,广东东莞523808 [2]国核宝钛锆业股份公司,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第S01期441-447,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：广东省引进创新创业团队项目(2016ZT06G025)。

摘　　要：锆合金包壳产品是核反应堆的第一道安全屏障,特殊的使用环境决定了其加工质量的重要性。如何合理、快捷地评估锆合金管材轧制过程的缺陷损伤和疲劳寿命,是其作为核结构材料应用中必须解决的问题。常规的有限元数值分析方法(FEA),存在着建模过程复杂、计算周期长且计算量巨大等问题。有鉴于此,本工作提出了有限元仿真和机器学习复合应用技术(FEA-ML),即在首先构建锆管轧制有限元模型的基础上,通过提取模型中的剪应力图谱,结合裂纹形貌观察和疲劳试验,拟合得到管材疲劳寿命解析公式;继而借助机器学习算法,利用有限元分析获得的少量数据样本,训练建立不同工艺因素下的管材疲劳寿命预测模型。结果表明,新型FEA-ML预测模型,分析速度快、预测精度高,能够很好地克服传统FEA模型计算过慢的问题;同时,影响管材疲劳寿命的最关键因素是材料的流变应力,孔型设计次之,而轧制车速和管坯送进速度的可控工艺窗口较宽、影响较为平缓。Zircaloy cladding tube has been regarded as the first safety barrier of nuclear reactor,which processing quality is critical to their special applications.How to evaluate the damage and fatigue life of zirconium tubes reasonably and quickly,is a problem that must be solved in its application as the nuclear structure material.The conventional method based on the finite element analysis(FEA)has been plagued by the defect of complex modeling process,long calculation cycle and huge amount of calculation.In this work,we proposed an improved analysis method,i.e.FEA-ML composite method,by establishing a FEA model of tube rolling,and then the shear stress spectrum from was extracted from the model,combined with the observation of crack appearance and fatigue test,an analytical formula of the fatigue life was obtained.At last,the machine learning model of different parameters and fatigue life was trained with deep learning algorithm and few data samples calculated by FEA model.The results show that the new FEA-ML model has the advantages of high analysis speed and predict precision,and can overcome the shortage of traditional FEA method very well.In addition,the flow stress is the most important factor that affects tubes fatigue life,followed by the rollers design,while rolling speed and feeding speed have little influence.

关 键 词：锆合金 皮尔格轧制 低周疲劳 损伤 有限元模拟 深度学习 

分 类 号：TG335[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]