论海洋环境保护法中规制对象的正向激励  

作　　者：郝会娟 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学东海研究院

出　　处：《生态文明新时代》2023年第2期33-35,共3页The New Era of Ecological Civilization

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金青年项目:中日韩岛屿和海洋权益争端解决机制研究(20CGJ035)的支持。

摘　　要：以激励理论为基础的环境激励措施可以将外部成本内部化,引导规制对象做出有利于海洋环境保护的行为。这种激励在实践中不仅包括“奖励性的正向激励”,也包括“惩罚性的反向激励”。但目前我国与海洋环境相关激励法律中,对行为体的反向激励条款较为明确,但正向激励条款则不足,且多为宣示性条款。激励措施适用的范围、规制对象、实施方式、奖励方式及监督方式等都不够明确。结合目前我国海洋环境的现状,为促进多元治理主体的共同参与,需要对正向激励条款明确化。通过立法将海洋环境事务管控的部分职权交给了社会,从而使得之前被规制的对象得到环境事务的管理权,提升其参与海洋环境事务的积极性。Environmental incentive measures based on incentive theory can internalize external costs and guide regulatory targets to take actions that are conducive to marine environmental protection.In practice,this type of incentive not only includes"rewarding positive incentives",but also includes"punitive negative incentives".However,currently in China's incentive laws related to the marine environment,the reverse incentive clauses for actors are relatively clear,but the positive incentive clauses are insufficient and mostly declarative clauses.The scope,regulatory targets,implementation methods,reward methods,and supervision methods of incentive measures are not clear enough.Considering the current situation of China's marine environment,in order to promote the joint participation of multiple governance entities,it is necessary to clarify the positive incentive clauses.By passing legislation,some of the powers of controlling marine environmental affairs have been delegated to society,thereby enabling previously regulated objects to gain management rights in environmental affairs and enhancing their enthusiasm for participating in marine environmental affairs.

关 键 词：海洋环境立法 规制对象 法律激励 正向激励 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]