结核病疫苗研究进展及挑战  

Research progress and challenge of tuberculosis vaccine

作　　者：范雪亭 万康林[1] 王瑞白[1] 赵秀芹[1] 刘海灿[1] Fan Xue-Ting;Wan Kang-Lin;Wang Rui-Bai;Zhao Xiu-Qin;Liu Hai-Can(State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control/National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所/传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2023年第6期643-647,共5页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：“十三五”传染病重大专项(2018ZX10731301-002)。

摘　　要：卡介苗是目前唯一应用于预防人类结核病的疫苗,但其保护效果备受争议,研究新型高效的结核病疫苗尤为重要。从安全性、经济成本及保护效果等方面考虑,多阶段抗原亚单位疫苗或多表位疫苗具有较好的应用前景。随着对结核分枝杆菌致病机制的深入了解以及疫苗研发技术的不断更新,结核病疫苗会有重大突破。本文论述结核病疫苗的类型及其特性,并针对结核病新型疫苗研究中抗原选择、动物模型选择、疫苗效果评价指标及人群特异性存在的问题和挑战进行讨论,旨在为新型结核病疫苗的研究提供参考。Currently,the bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis,but its protective effect is highly controversial.Therefore,it is particularly important to develop a new and effective tuberculosis vaccine.Meanwhile,with the in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the continuous update of vaccine research and development technology,there will be a major breakthrough in tuberculosis vaccine.Considering the safety,economic cost and protective effect,multi-stage antigen subunit vaccine or multi-epitope vaccine has good application prospects.This paper systematically reviews the types and characteristics of current tuberculosis vaccines,and discuss the problems and challenges in four aspects:antigen selection,animal model selection,the evaluation indicators of vaccine efficacy and the population specificity in the research of new tuberculosis vaccines,which lays a theoretical foundation for the research of new tuberculosis vaccine.

关 键 词：结核病 卡介苗 结核病新型疫苗 

分 类 号：R378.91[医药卫生—病原生物学]