我国行政执行罚制度的不足及完善  

Deficiencies and Improvement of Administrative Execution Penalty System in China

作　　者：崔文俊[1] CUI Wenjun(School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期49-56,共8页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2021年度天津市哲学社会科学研究规划项目(TJFX21-008)。

摘　　要：《行政强制法》关于行政执行罚的规定有较多模糊之处,理论界与实务界的理解也存在较大的偏差。为规范行政执行罚的实施,必须坚持问题导向、实践导向,对行政执行罚制度予以完善。在行政执行罚的依据上,要明确《行政强制法》第45条第1款并非普遍、直接授权条款,行政机关采用行政执行罚手段必须另有法律依据。在行政执行罚的设定上,行政执行罚只能由法律设定,其他规范性文件无权设定。在行政执行罚决定的作出时间和方式上,加处罚款决定不能和罚款决定同时一并作出,只能在罚款决定作出之后另行单独作出。在行政执行罚的实施程序上,行政执行罚决定作出之前必须践行催告程序。在行政执行罚的使用顺位上,行政执行罚的优先使用须以该手段在个案中有助于达成执行目的,且法律上没有相反规定为条件。Many ambiguities exist in the provisions about administrative execution penalty in the Administrative Compulsion Law,and the theoretical and practical circles have an inconsistent understanding of them.In an effort to standardize the implementation of administrative execution penalty,we must adhere to the problem-orientated and practice-orientated guidelines and improve the administrative execution penalty system.In terms of the basis of administrative execution penalty,it should be made clear that Paragraph 1 of Article 45 of the Administrative Compulsion Law is not a general and direct authorization clause,and the administrative organs must refer to other legal bases to adopt administrative execution penalty.In terms of setting of administrative execution penalty,it should be made clear that administrative execution penalty can only be set by law,and other normative documents have no right to set it.In terms of the timing and method of making the decision of administrative execution penalty,it should be made clear that the decision of imposing additional fine cannot be made concurrently with the decision of fine,and the former shall be made independently after the latter.In terms of the implementation procedure of administrative execution penalty,it should be made clear that the urging procedure must be carried out before the decision of administrative execution penalty is made,which not only conforms to the requirement of procedural properness and procedural rationality but also contributes to eliminating the disagreement and enhancing procedural operability.In terms of the priority of administrative execution penalty,it should be made clear that the priority of using administrative execution penalty must be based on the condition that this approach is conducive to achieving the purpose of execution in individual cases,and there is no contrary provision against it in law.

关 键 词：行政强制执行 行政执行罚 法律保留 正当程序 催告 比例原则 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]