高海拔地区“长林”无性系油茶果实经济性状测定分析  

A Brief Report on Economic Characters of“Changlin”Clonal Camellia oleifera in High Altitude Area

作　　者：顿春垚 姚小华[2] 吴代坤 李双龙 胡彦宏 李春霖 Dun Chun-yao;Yao Xiao-hua;Wu Dai-kun;Li Shuang-long;Hu Yan-hong;Li Chun-lin(Enshi Tujia Minority and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Forestry,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China;Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311400,China;Enshi Forestry Science and Technology Information Center,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]恩施土家族苗族自治州林业科学研究院,湖北恩施445000 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [3]恩施市林业科技情报中心,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《广西农学报》2023年第2期67-70,80,共5页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：2019年国家重点研发计划课题“油茶生态经济型品种筛选及配套栽培技术”(项目编号:2019YFD1001602);2021年恩施州科技计划项目“恩施州特色经济作物油茶优质高产技术研究”(项目编号:D20210008)。

摘　　要：【目的】为高海拔地区油茶栽培良种选择提供参考。【方法】以武陵山区海拔1020m环境条件下“长林4号”“长林40号”“长林53号”及对照品种油茶样本为对象,对其果实鲜果出籽率、鲜籽出干籽率、干籽出仁率、仁出油率等经济性状进行调查测定分析。【结果】结果表明“长林53号”油茶鲜果出籽率最高,平均为48.94%,“长林4号”平均鲜果出籽率介于34.16%~36.84%之间,与对照品种无显著差异;“长林40号”平均鲜籽出干籽率、平均干籽出仁率、干仁含油率为58.95%、75.53%,“长林4号”干仁含油率最高,为55.31%,对照品种平均鲜籽出干籽率、平均干籽出仁率最低,为53.59%和67.15%,“长林53号”干仁含油率最低,为48.58%;“长林4号”“长林40号”“长林53号”果油率指标均高于8%,且总体上显著高于对照品种。综合分析“长林4号”“长林53号”经济性状比较好。【结论】在武陵山区海拔1000 m左右条件下,“长林4号”“长林53号”油茶良种具有进行推广的可能性。【Objective】To provide a reference for the selection of improved varieties of Camellia oleifera cultivation in high altitude areas.【Method】Taking the samples of“Changlin No.4”,“Changlin No.40”,“Changlin No.53”and the control variety Camellia oleifera under the environmental conditions of 1020m above sea level in Wuling Mountain Area as the objects,the economic traits such as fruit seed yield of fresh fruit,dried seed yield of fresh seed,dried seed yield of benevolence,kernel yield of oil were investigated and analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the seed yield of camellia fresh fruit of“Changlin No.53”was the highest,with an average of 48.94%,and the average seed yield of fresh fruit of“Changlin No.4”was between 34.16% and 36.84%,which was not significantly different from the control variety.The average dried seed yield of fresh seed,dried seed yield of benevolence and kernel yield of oil of“Changlin No.4”were the highest,which were 58.95%,75.53% and 55.31%,respectively.The average dry seed yield of fresh seed and average kernel yield of dry seed of the control variety were the lowest,which were 53.59% and 67.15%,respectively.The oil content of dried kernel of“Changlin No.53”was the lowest,which was 48.58%.The indexes of fruit oil yield of“Changlin No.4”,“Changlin No.40”and“Changlin No.53”were all higher than 8%,and were significantly higher than those of the control variety.The economic traits of“Changlin No.4”and“Changlin No.53”are better by comprehensive analyze.【Conclusion】Under the condition of about 1000 metre above sea level in Wuling Mountain Area,“Changlin No.4”and“Changlin No.53”Camellia oleifera clone have the possibility to be popularized.

关 键 词：油茶 高海拔 武陵山区 良种选择 经济性状 

分 类 号：S722.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]