宅基地增值收益分配体系的规范构建  

Normative Construction on Distributing System of Value-Added Income of House Base

作　　者：夏沁[1] XIA Qin(School of Law,Central South University,Changsha 410072,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410072

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD202);湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(XSP2023FXZ023);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(63222046)。

摘　　要：探寻平衡国家、集体和个人收益的分配机制,是新一轮宅基地改革的重中之重。通过对比总结2015年以来的两轮宅基地试点改革,可以发现,宅基地增值收益实质是宅基地之上新增加的财产价值,此种价值进一步表现为土地发展权、宅基地财产权利和区位因素所对应的用途转换、权能分离和级差地租的市场价格。宅基地增值收益分配也是对上述3类财产价值的分配。其中,土地发展权所对应的用途分配能激励政府的行为;宅基地财产权利所对应的权能分配能激励权利主体的行为;区位因素所对应的级差地租能激励社会特定或不特定主体的行为。因此,构建“用途-权能-区位”三位一体的规范体系能够实现局部公平、代际公平以及成本收益的配置公平,更好地解决宅基地增值收益分配中的平衡基础不统一、平衡规范不明确、平衡方式不稳定、平衡模式不一致等问题。A distribution mechanism balancing national,collective and individual income is of top priority in the new round of homestead reform.Comparisons were made on two pilot reforms of homesteads since 2015,and we explored the specific distribution path among country,collectives and individuals.The distribution of homestead value-added income is the distribution of three types of property values—land development rights,homestead property rights,and market value(use conversion corresponding to location factors,separation of powers and functions,and extreme rent),among which the allocation corresponding to the land development right can stimulate the government's behavior;the power distribution corresponding to the property right can stimulate the behavior of subject;the graded land rent corresponding to the location factor can stimulate the behavior of specific or non-specific subjects in society.Therefore,constructing a standardized system of usage,power,and location,it is possible to achieve a balanced distribution of the value-added benefits of homesteads among the country,the collective,and the individual and achieve partial fairness,intergenerational fairness,and fairness in the allocation of costs and benefits.

关 键 词：宅基地改革 宅基地增值收益 财产价值 分配机制 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学]