贵霜帝国与中国西域地区佛塔建筑的联系和分殊  

Cultural Exchange and Mutual Influences between the Stupa Architecture of the Kushan Empire and China's Western Regions

作　　者：张超[1] Zhang Chao

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院

出　　处：《全球城市研究（中英文）》2023年第2期154-163,193,共11页Global Cities Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“丝绸之路城市史研究”(项目编号:18ZDA213);山西省“十四五”教育科学规划项目“粟特胡商与丝路东段研究”(项目编号:GH-220414)。

摘　　要：贵霜帝国时期的城市建筑中,现保存较多的是宗教建筑,在北印度、巴基斯坦等地区的考古发掘中出土了不少佛教建筑群。贵霜国王建立的如乌什库尔、伽腻沙普尔、哈旺和实沈等城市的出土遗迹中,以建造技巧高超的佛塔建筑最有代表性。本文以北印度和巴基斯坦考古发掘的贵霜帝国时期佛塔为例,分析贵霜帝国佛塔建筑的特点、佛塔的结构设计和所使用的建材,通过对比我国西域地区的佛塔遗迹,研究认为我国西域地区佛塔其建筑结构和外形同贵霜帝国时期的佛塔建筑存在较深的渊源:中国西域地区佛教建筑的发展一方面受到了贵霜帝国的影响,另一方面,在东传过程中,佛塔的结构设计和所使用的建材具有中亚或西域的本土特征,在传入中国内地后,西域佛塔也吸收了内地建筑文化的因素,反映了西域佛塔复杂的演变过程。Among the urban buildings from the Kushan Empire period,religious buildings are the most well-preserved.Several Buddhist complexes have been discovered through archaeological excavations in North India,Pakistan,and other regions.The cities founded by Kushan kings left remains of expertly constructed Buddhist stupas.This paper analyzes the architecture of Kushan Empire stupas,including their structural design and building materials,by using examples of stupas excavated in North India and Pakistan.This paper compares the stupas in China's Western Regions("Xiyu")with those of the Kushan Empire,revealing a significant relationship in their architectural structure and shape,testing to the latter's influence.As the stupas were transmitted eastward,their structural design and building materials incorporated indigenous characteristics of Central Asia or China's Western Regions.

关 键 词：贵霜帝国 佛塔 建筑 西域地区 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学] K86[历史地理—世界史] TU252[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]