社区老年高血压患者规律锻炼现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the status and influencing factors of regular exercise among elderly hypertensive patients in community

作　　者：方晓鸿 郑丽维[1] 饶玉莲 林春霞 汪永杰 FANG Xiaohong;ZHENG Liwei;RAO Yulian;LIN Chunxia;WANG Yongjie(Nursing College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350122,China)

机构地区：[1]福建中医药大学护理学院,福建福州350122

出　　处：《老年医学研究》2023年第3期9-13,共5页Geriatrics Research

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年高血压患者规律锻炼现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法选取福州市三所社区414例老年高血压患者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、运动恐惧量表和自我效能量表对其规律锻炼情况进行调查,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ^(2)检验及二分类logistic回归分析老年高血压患者规律锻炼的影响因素。结果社区老年高血压患者有规律锻炼(每周有氧锻炼时间≥150 min)者144例(34.78%),无规律锻炼者270例(65.22%)。其中,选择较多的锻炼项目为散步(20.77%)和健身功法(7.25%);锻炼场所以小区内(17.87%)和周边公园(12.08%)为主;锻炼时间多为清晨(24.64%)。logistic回归分析显示,高血压病程(OR=2.876,95%CI:1.513~5.469,P=0.001)、有无躯体疼痛(OR=3.843,95%CI:1.735~8.514,P=0.001)、有无家人支持(OR=3.580,95%CI:1.171~10.950,P=0.025)、有无接受过运动指导(OR=3.905,95%CI:1.657~9.203,P=0.002)、运动恐惧评分(OR=0.816,95%CI:0.751~0.886,P<0.001)和自我效能评分(OR=1.249,95%CI:1.096~1.424,P=0.001)是影响老年高血压患者规律锻炼的主要因素。结论社区老年高血压患者规律锻炼情况欠佳,且受高血压病程、有无躯体疼痛、有无家人支持、有无接受过运动指导、运动恐惧和自我效能多种因素影响。Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of regular exercise in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 414 cases of elderly hypertensive patients from three communities in Fuzhou as the study subjects,and their regular exercise status was investigated using the general information questionnaire,kinesiophobia scale and self-efficacy scale,and the influencing factors of regular exercise in elderly hypertensive patients were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test,χ^(2) test and dichotomous logistic regression.Results There were 144 cases(34.78%)of regular exercise(weekly aerobic exercise time≥150 min)and 270 cases(65.22%)of irregular exercise in elderly hypertensive patients in the community.The most frequently selected exercise programs were walking(20.77%)and Kung Fu(7.25%).The exercise places were mainly in neighborhoods(17.87%)and surrounding parks(12.08%);and the exercise time was mostly early in the morning(24.64%).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of hypertension(OR=2.876,95%CI:1.513-5.469,P=0.001),somatic pain(OR=3.843,95%CI:1.735-8.514,P=0.001),family support(OR=3.580,95%CI:1.171-10.950,P=0.025),exercise instruction(OR=3.905,95%CI:1.657-9.203,P=0.002),kinesiophobia(OR=0.816,95%CI:0.751-0.886,P<0.001),and self-efficacy(OR=1.249,95%CI:1.096-1.424,P=0.001)were the main factors influencing regular exercise in elderly patients with hypertension.Conclusion Regular exercise is poor in older hypertensive patients in the community and is influenced by multiple factors including duration of hypertension,somatic pain,family support,exercise instruction,kinesiophobia,and self-efficacy.

关 键 词：高血压 规律锻炼 运动恐惧 自我效能 老年人 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]