聚丙烯酰胺和石膏粉对黄土坡地产流产沙的影响  

Effects of Polyacrylamide and Gypsum on Runoff and Sediment Yields in the Loess Slope Land

作　　者：李樊敏 LI Fanmin(Yuncheng Water Authority,Yuncheng 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]运城市水务局,山西运城044000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第7期116-119,139,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B07);国家农业科技成果转化基金项目(2009GB23320494)。

摘　　要：为揭示聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和石膏粉对黄土坡地产流产沙的影响,进行PAM施用量为0~6.0 g/m2、石膏粉施用量为0~150 g/m^(2)、坡面坡角为15°~25°、不同雨强共18种处理小区的野外模拟人工降雨试验,分析了各类小区降雨产流时间、径流系数、径流挟沙率随PAM和石膏粉施用量的变化情况。结果表明:1)施用PAM、石膏粉均可延缓降雨初始产流,且施用量越大延缓时间越长。2)施用PAM使径流系数增大,不同施用量的径流系数均在对照的1.4倍以上;施用石膏粉使径流系数减小,施用量为150 g/m^(2)时径流系数较对照减小幅度为22.2%;PAM、石膏粉分别对连续降雨的前2场、首场降雨产流的影响显著,对后续场次降雨产流的影响均明显衰减。3)施用PAM可有效增强坡地抗蚀性、减少产沙量,且施用量越大抗蚀、减沙作用越大,PAM施用量为6.0 g/m^(2)时径流挟沙率较对照降低81%;施用石膏粉后坡地抗蚀性减弱、产沙量增加,石膏粉施用量为150 g/m^(2)时径流挟沙率比对照提高125%;PAM、石膏粉分别对连续降雨的前2场、前3场降雨产沙有较显著的影响,对后续场次降雨产沙的影响均明显衰减。In order to explore the effects of polyacrylamide(PAM)and gypsum on runoff and soil erosion in the loess slope land,the field artificial rainfall experiments which had 18 treatment plots under the application of PAM 0-6.0 g/m2,gypsum 0-150 g/m2,slope land 15°-25°and different rainfall intensities were used to analyze the variation of runoff formation time,runoff coefficient and sediment transport rate of runoff with different rates of PAM and gypsum.The results indicate that a)both PAM and gypsum can delay the runoff formation time,which is prolonged with the increasing application of PAM and gypsum.b)Runoff coefficient is increased with the application of PAM,reac⁃hing 1.4 times of the control on average;but it decreases with the application of gypsum,decreasing by 22.2%under 150g/m^(2).PAM and gypsum have significant effects on runoff in the initial two and the first rainfall experiments respectively,then it decreases obviously in the subsequent rainfall experiments.c)The application of PAM on slope land can effectively enhance the soil erosion resistance and reduce the sediment yield,and the effects are enlarged by the increasing application of PAM,the sediment transport rate of runoff is reduced by 81%under the application of PAM 6.0 g/m^(2).The erosion resistance of slope land is decreased and sediment yield increased under the application of gypsum,and the sediment transport rate of runoff is increased by 125%under the application rate of gypsum 150 g/m^(2).PAM and gypsum have significant effects on sediment yield in the initial two and three successive rainfall experiments respectively,then it decreases obviously in the subsequent rainfall experiments.

关 键 词：聚丙烯酰胺 石膏粉 黄土坡地 径流系数 径流挟沙率 土壤抗蚀性 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]