大口径无缝紫铜管挤压工艺研究  

Large-Diameter Seamless Pipe of Copper with Different Extrusion Process Parameters

作　　者：秦瑞廷 陈献刚 高未勇 刘正伟 刘雅鑫 李媛媛 刘晓蓉 刘琳 QIN Ruiting;CHEN Xiangang;LIU Zhengwei;LIU Yaxin;GAO Weiyong;LI Yuanyuan;LIU Xiaorong;LIU Lin(Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014030,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《铜业工程》2023年第3期85-89,共5页Copper Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区成果转化专项(2021CG0039)资助。

摘　　要：大口径紫铜结晶器是钛合金、镍基合金等贵重金属真空冶炼设备的重要部件,结晶器选用大口径无缝紫铜管寿命更长。挤压法相对于离心铸造法和锻造法等是最适合制造大口径无缝紫铜管的方法,挤压法制得的紫铜管组织均匀、力学性能更优。挤压工艺参数对紫铜管性能有显著影响,但目前尚无大口径紫铜挤压工艺参数的研究。文中研究了加热温度和挤压变形量对大口径紫铜管挤压力、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响。结果表明,大口径紫铜管的坯料加热温度越高,最大挤压力越低,但是降幅随着温度的升高逐渐减小;最大挤压力主要由紫铜的塑性变形力和与模具间的摩擦力构成,塑性变形力与挤压比的自然对数成正比;晶粒尺寸随加热温度提高和挤压比减小呈增大趋势;无缝紫铜管在挤压加热温度为780~860℃且挤压比为5.4~6.4时的力学性能相近,在该工艺窗口下挤压制造的无缝紫铜管均满足产品技术指标要求。The large-diameter copper crystallizer is an important component of vacuum smelting equipment for precious metals such as titanium alloys and nickel based alloys.The crystallizer uses large-diameter seamless copper pipes with a longer lifespan.The extrusion method is one of the most suitable methods for manufacturing large-diameter seamless copper pipes compared to centrifugal casting and forging methods.The copper pipes obtained by the extrusion method have uniform microstructure and better mechanical properties.The extrusion process parameters have a significant impact on the performance of copper pipes,but there is currently no research on the extrusion process parameters for large-diameter copper pipes.This article investigated the effects of heating temperature and extrusion deformation on the extrusion pressure,grain size,and mechanical properties of large-diameter copper pipes.The results showed that the higher the heating temperature of the billet for large-diameter copper pipes,the lower the maximum extrusion pressure,but the decrease gradually decreased with the increase of temperature.The maximum extrusion force was mainly composed of the plastic deformation force of red copper and the friction force with the die.The plastic deformation force was proportional to the natural logarithm of the extrusion ratio.The grain size increased with the increase of heating temperature and the decrease of extrusion ratio.The heating temperature was 780~860℃ and the mechanical properties of the extrusion ratio were similar between 5.4 and 6.4.The seamless copper pipes produced by extrusion under this process window all met the requirements of product technical indicators.

关 键 词：紫铜 坯料温度 大口径紫铜管 晶粒尺寸 挤压 

分 类 号：TG376[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]