南方冬闲田绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆产业发展策略及建议  

Development strategy and suggestion of green manure and fresh broad bean industry in winter fallow field in South China

作　　者：周恩强 周瑶 姚梦楠 赵娜[1] 缪亚梅[1] 魏利斌 金建华[1] 王学军[1] ZHOU Enqiang;ZHOU Yao;YAO Mengnan;ZHAO Na;MIAO Yamei;WEI Libin;JIN Jianhua;WANG Xuejun(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226541,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,南通226541

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第3期122-127,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-08-Z10);江苏省特粮特经产业技术体系启东豆类基地[JATS(2021)161];江苏省六大人才高峰(NY-169);南通市科技计划项目(MS22020032)。

摘　　要：绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆作为粮、饲、菜、肥兼用的经济作物,是随着农业产业结构调整及农业供给侧结构性改革而产生的产业新类型。充分利用冬闲田种植绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆,不仅可以解决冬闲田闲置而造成的土地浪费问题,还能促进农民增收和农业可持续发展,符合现代农业的发展要求。研究从冬闲田的利用现状、绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆种植模式及效益、两用蚕豆发展需求3个方面梳理冬闲田形成的原因,思考进一步利用绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆在冬闲田周年种植的模式。提出建议:筛选适宜于南方种植的品种,研发配套适宜于南方的栽培技术和绿色标准化生产技术,优化周年高效种植模式和构建种养循环新模式,创新优化冷链物流技术和速冻加工技术,探索鲜食蚕豆修复重金属污染效果。为解决南方冬闲田大量闲置的问题及绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆的进一步推广应用提供参考。As an economic crop for grain,feed,vegetable and fertilizer,green manure and fresh broad bean is a new type of industry produced with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the reform of agricultural supply side.Making full use of winter fallow fields to plant green manure and fresh broad beans can not only solve the problem of land waste caused by winter fallow fields,but also promote farmers’income and agricultural sustainable development,which is in line with the development requirements of modern agriculture.The reasons for the formation of winter fallow fields were sorted out from three aspects:the utilization status of winter fallow fields,the planting mode and benefits of green manure and fresh broad bean,and the development demand of dual-purpose broad bean,and anniversary planting pattern of using green manure and fresh broad bean in winter fallow fields was further considered.And put forward suggestions:screening varieties suitable for planting in the south,investigating cultivation techniques and matching green standardized production technologies suitable for the south,optimizing the annual high-efficiency planting model and constructing a new model of planting and breeding cycle,innovating and optimizing cold chain logistics technology and quickfreezing processing technology,and exploring the effect of fresh broad beans on repairing heavy metal pollution.The purpose was to solve the problem of a large number of idle winter fields in South China,and to provide reference for the further popularization and application of green manure and fresh broad bean.

关 键 词：冬闲田 鲜食蚕豆 绿肥 发展策略 发展目标 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]