面向15 min生活圈的城市服务设施规划模型与实验  

A new facility location problem for urban public facility planning toward 15-minute life circle:Model and experiment

作　　者：翟石艳[1] 孔云峰[1] 宋根鑫[2] 罗静静 ZHAI Shiyan;KONG Yunfeng;SONG Genxin;LUO Jingjing(Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions,Ministry of Education,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室,开封475004 [2]河南大学地理与环境学院,开封475004

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第6期1484-1497,共14页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41871307);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A170007);2022年度河南省政府决策研究招标课题(2022JC015)。

摘　　要：生活圈规划是城市公共资源均等化配置和可持续发展的重要抓手。特定城市15 min生活圈服务设施规划实践中,针对某一类公共服务,如何确定其设施数量、空间位置和服务公平性,具有诸多挑战。为回答这一问题,本文首次改进经典的设施区位问题(CFLP)为服务半径和覆盖率双重约束下的部分覆盖问题(μCFLP),使其适用于生活圈服务设施布局规划。构造μCFLP线性规划模型,设计数学启发求解算法。按照中国城市规模划分标准,选择6个典型城市案例区域,以社区卫生服务中心为例,进行服务设施布局规划实验。结果表明:改进模型适用于城市生活圈服务设施布局规划,能够平衡服务供给成本、可及性和公平性;在人口密度较低的城市,模型对服务半径和覆盖率参数设置敏感,服务质量与效率难以兼顾,而在人口密度高的大都市,相对容易满足15 min生活圈建设标准。本文模型在面向15 min生活圈的城市服务设施规划方面具有明显的优势,一是无须事先确定设施数量,二是能够按覆盖半径与覆盖率探索最优设施布局。The planning and construction of urban 15-minute life circle is a key tool for equally allocating urban public resources and promoting sustainable development.However,it is challenging to design the public service systems toward urban living circle:how many service facilities are required,where to locate the facilities,and how to promote service equality for urban residents.A new facility location problem was proposed for public facility planning toward urban living circle.The new problem,μCFLP,is a variant of classical capacitated facility location problem(CFLP)with constraints of maximum service radius and partial demand covering.A mixed integer linear programming model was formulated for theμCFLP and a matheustic algorithm was designed for solving this model.The model and the solution method were tested on 6 study areas.According to the Chinese city scale classification standard,6 typical urban regions in China were selected.Then,the community health service center was taken as a service example to conduct the service facility layout planning experiment.The results show that:(1)the new model can balance the service quality,efficiency and fairness,and thus can be applied to the layout planning of public service facilities toward urban living circle.(2)In cities with low population density,the model is sensitive to the two planning parameters:service radius and coverage;and thus it is necessary to balance service quality and efficiency.While in the metropolis with high population density,it is relatively easy to meet the construction standard of 15-minute life circle.The experimental results show that the model proposed in this study has obvious advantages for the planning of urban service facilities toward the 15-minute life circle goal.First,the number of facilities need not be determined in advance.Second,the optimal layout of facilities can be explored according to the combination of coverage radius and coverage parameters.

关 键 词：公共服务设施规划 15 min生活圈 设施区位问题 案例实验 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]