矿物对土壤中重金属有效性的影响  

Effects of minerals on the availability of heavy metals in soil

作　　者：马海关 范莎莎 王辉程 黄国棣 黄丽[1] MA Hai-guan;FAN Sha-sha;WANG Hui-cheng;HUANG Guo-di;HUANG Li(National Key Laboratory of Soil Health Diagnosis and Green Remediation for Environmental Protection/Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学/国家环境保护土壤健康诊断与绿色修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第3期707-715,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1100503)。

摘　　要：为探究不同矿物对村镇简易垃圾填埋场污染土壤中重金属有效性的影响,以四川省绵阳市盐亭县云溪镇垃圾填埋场污染土壤为研究对象,分别按1%、3%、5%质量分数单独添加海泡石(H)、膨润土(P)、沸石(F)钝化培养60 d,通过重金属的二乙烯三胺五乙酸浸提法(DTPA)、毒性浸出试验(TCLP)和欧盟四步顺序提取法(BCR),测定培养前后土壤中重金属不同形态的含量,研究3种矿物对土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的钝化效果。结果表明,海泡石、膨润土、沸石处理均能够降低土壤中4种重金属的DTPA有效态含量,并可有效减少重金属的TCLP浸出量。海泡石处理对重金属Cd的钝化效率为25.82%~30.50%,其中H-3%处理的效果最好,可使土壤pH值升高0.89,Cd的TCLP浸出量减少22.88%。膨润土和沸石处理,土壤中4种重金属的钝化效率均低于海泡石处理。3种矿物处理对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的影响较小,但使脲酶活性增加了14.49%~26.15%。土壤pH值和Cu、Pb、Zn的TCLP浸出量呈显著或极显著负相关。添加3种矿物后,供试土壤中重金属的迁移指数(MF)降低,其中H-3%处理使Cd的MF下降了25.05%,减少了土壤中重金属的移动性。综合来看,3%海泡石处理的钝化效果最好,能够明显降低污染土壤中Cd等重金属的有效性和移动性。To explore the effects of different minerals on the availability of heavy metals in rural soil contaminated by simple landfill,the contaminated soil of Yunxi Town,Yanting County,Mianyang City,Sichuan province,was taken as the research object.Sepiolite(H),bentonite(P)and zeolite(F)were added separately according to the mass fractions of 1%,3%and 5%,and passivated and cultured for 60 days.The contents of different forms of heavy metals in soil before and after cultivation were determined by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)extraction,toxicity leaching test(TCLP)and European Union four-step sequential extraction(BCR),and the passivation effects of three minerals on Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn in soil were studied.The results showed that sepiolite,bentonite and zeolite could reduce DTPA-available content and toxic leaching amount of the four heavy metals in soil.The passivation efficiency of sepiolite treatment on heavy metal Cd was 25.82%-30.50%,and H-3%treatment had the best effect,which increased the soil pH by 0.89 and reduced the toxic leaching amount of Cd by 22.88%.The passivation efficiency of four heavy metals in soil treated with bentonite and zeolite was lower than that treated with sepiolite.The three minerals had little effect on soil alkaline phosphatase activity,but increased urease activity by 14.49%-26.15%.The results showed that there was a significant or extremely significant negative correlation between soil pH and the toxic leaching amount of Cu,Pb and Zn.After adding three minerals,the mobility index(MF)of heavy metals in the tested soil decreased,and the MF of Cd reduced by 25.05%under H-3%treatment,which reduced the mobility of heavy metals in the soil.In summary,the passivation effect of the three minerals treated with 3%sepiolite was the best,which significantly reduced the availability and mobility of Cd and other heavy metals in the contaminated soil.

关 键 词：矿物 土壤重金属 钝化 有效性 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]