枪用发射药的化学成分分析与种类鉴定  

Composition Analysis and Species Identification of Gun Propellants

作　　者：李泽瀚 赵鹏程[1] 何海洋 姚丽娟[1] 宋辉[1] Li Zehan;Zhao Pengcheng;He Haiyang;Yao Lijuan;Song Hui(Department of Forensic Chemistry,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang,Liaoning 110854,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院法化学系,辽宁沈阳110854

出　　处：《化学世界》2023年第3期161-165,共5页Chemical World

摘　　要：以立体显微镜观察可疑发射药颗粒外观形态特征,通过溶剂萃取法分离可疑发射药中的大分子物质和有机小分子,采用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(micro-FT IR)对大分子进行表征,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对有机小分子进行表征。实验表明大分子物质为硝化纤维素,有机小分子物质为:硝化甘油、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二苯脲(Ⅱ号中定剂)、樟脑、2,4-二硝基甲苯和二苯胺等物质。该方法能够快速、准确地定性分析出疑似发射药中的特征化合物。The appearance characteristics of suspected propellant were observed by stereo microscope and its the macromolecules and organic small molecules were separated by solvent extraction followed by analysis of macromolecules by micro-fourier transform infrared spectrometer(micro-FT IR)and organic small molecules by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The experiments showed that macromolecule is nitrocellulose and organic small molecules are nitroglycerin,1,3-dimethgl-1,3-diphenylurea(methyl-centralite),camphor,2,4-dinitrotoluene and diphenylamine.This method is able to quickly and accurately analyze the characteristic compounds in the suspected propellant.

关 键 词：发射药 成分分析 立体显微镜 显微傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 

分 类 号：TQ560.72[化学工程—炸药化工]