TY系列高精度体应变仪研制及映震能力分析与应用  

Development of TY-series high-precision volumetric strain gauge:Analysis and application of its seismic reflection capability

作　　者：孙尧[1,2,3] 彭华 姜景捷[1,2,3] 马秀敏 郝飞[1,2,5] 张斌 SUN Yao;PENG Hua;JIANG Jingjie;MA Xiumin;HAO Fei;ZHANG Bin(Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Observation and Research Station of Crustal Stress and Strain in Beijing,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of In-situ Stress Measurement and Monitoring,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100081,China;School of Civil and Resources Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]自然资源部北京地壳应力应变野外科学观测研究站,北京100081 [3]自然资源部活动构造与地质安全重点实验室,北京100081 [4]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [5]中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2023年第3期324-338,共15页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230249,DD20230014,DD2019290,DD20221644);中国地质科学院地质力学研究所基本科研业务费项目(DZLXJK202106)。

摘　　要：文章综述了钻孔体应变仪的发展历程,针对体应变仪目前存在的稳定性和带宽不足、标定精度低等问题,创新与改进液压传感器、控制电路、标定方法等技术,研制出TY-2B型钻孔体积应变仪。改进的液压传感器提高了仪器精度,缩小了仪器体积;改善了控制电路,提高了仪器采样率、带宽及稳定性;创新的压电陶瓷标定技术提高了监测数据可靠性。测试结果表明改进型的TY-2B型体应变仪功耗低,小于3 W;长期稳定性好;灵敏度高,分辨率达到10-11ε;高频特性和低频特性好,采样率10~100 Hz,可采集完整地震应变波波形,固体潮波形清晰稳定;体积小重量轻,外径缩小至Φ89 mm,适用于Φ100 mm钻孔,长度1300 mm,重量45 kg,运输和安装方便。经室内检验、野外台站15年的测试,获取了良好的监测数据,体现了高灵敏的映震能力,龙门山北段体应变台站对2010年玉树地震及2023年土耳其地震的观测响应表明TY系列高精度体应变仪不仅是静态应变仪,还是宽频应变地震仪,具有动-静态标定能力,且相对于摆式地震仪有着极宽响应频带的独特优势,既可以观测地壳长期缓慢变形及其积累的特征,还可观测地壳破裂变形的瞬态细微特征。汶川地震以来青川—汉中地区体应变台站及2021年以来广州台站获取的监测曲线长期变化趋势与地震、构造地质等资料所反映的区域地质特征相符,表明TY-2B型体应变仪可在地球动力学研究、地质灾害预测预警等领域推广使用。The article reviews the development of the volumetric borehole strain gauge.In response to the current problems of insufficient stability and bandwidth and low calibration accuracy of the volumetric strain gauge,a TY-2B-type small volumetric borehole strain gauge was developed with innovative improvements in the hydraulic sensor,control circuit,and calibration method.The improved hydraulic sensor improves the accuracy and reduces the instrument’s volume;the improved control circuit increases the sampling rate,bandwidth,and the instrument’s stability;the innovative piezoelectric ceramic calibration technology raises the reliability of the monitoring data.The test results show that the improved TY-2B volumetric strain gauge has a low power consumption of less than 3 W,good long-term stability,high sensitivity with a resolution of 10-11ε,and suitable high-frequency and low-frequency.It has a sampling rate of 100 Hz and can acquire complete seismic strain waveforms with precise and stable solid tide waveforms.It is small and light,with a reduced outer diameter ofΦ89 mm forΦ100 mm drilling,a length of 1300 mm,and a weight of 45 kg for easy transport and installation.After 15 years of laboratory and field station testing,it obtained good monitoring data and demonstrated its highly sensitive seismic reflection capability.The observed response of the volumetric strain station in the northern section of Longmen Mountain to the 2010 Yushu earthquake and the 2023 Turkey earthquake shows that the TY-series high-precision volumetric strain gauge is not only a static strain gauge but also a broad-frequency strain seismograph with dynamic-static calibration capability.It has a unique advantage over pendulum seismometers in that it can observe both the long-term slow deformation and accumulation of deformation in the earth’s crust and the transient subtle features of crustal rupture and deformation.The long-term trends of the monitoring curves obtained from the Qingchuan–Hanzhong volumetric strain stations since the W

关 键 词：宽频应变地震仪 映震能力 钻孔体应变仪 地壳变形 地震 

分 类 号：P315.727[天文地球—地震学] P716.8[天文地球—固体地球物理学]